【作者】 丁晓原；

【导师】 范培松；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 中国现代文学， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 报告文学是以非虚构为规则，以社会关怀为主旨，以现实生活为主要报告对象的兼具新闻性、文学性和思辨色彩的一种边缘性文体。中国的报告文学差不多与剧变而多质的20世纪同行。报告文学的非虚构性生成了这一文体的诸多特异。20世纪中国社会的现实不仅直接成为报告文学反映的具体对象，而且由特定时代政治、经济、军事、文化诸多存在及其内在关联所形成的社会文化生态，直接影响着报告文学作家对于现实的观照与评说。文化生态的演化，从根本上决定着百年中国报告文学的内在流变。以现实报告为基本特征，以社会批判为重要价值取向的报告文学，与以人类基本价值守望为使命，以人文关怀和社会批判、启蒙为基本职志的知识分子之间，具有某种相互契合的内在逻辑。报告文学，作为知识分子的一种写作方式，由于主体在特殊的历史语境中身份及其话语立场的不断改写，所以其型态因时而异。百年中国报告文学，从一个方面实录着百年中国知识分子的心路历程，存活了他们一段精神史。 中国报告文学，是近代文化转型的特殊产物。这一文体是近代新闻文化的伴生物，成为这一时期政治文化的重要载体。20世纪是一个政治世纪，政治文化对报告文学产生重要的影响。30年代至70年代政治文化制导着中国社会；政治化的时代生成政治化的报告文学，主体的单向归属与文本的两极模式，成为政治化报告文学的基本景态。报告文学借助于政治的推力，取得了长足的发展，同时，对非理性政治的亲近又使它走向异化。发端于70年代末的历史新时期，以开放多元为重要特征的现代文化的建构，为报告文学主体与文体的走向自觉，造就了历史性的机遇。报告文学作家开始以自主的姿态写作报告文学，报告文学批判性的本性开始凸现并得到强化。报告文学以其深刻的启蒙意义，参与新时期社会理性精神的重建。这是一个报告文学的时代。90年代是知识分子边缘化的时期。主体人文精神的陷落，导致报告文学作家开始躲避现实前沿，思想短缺成为这一时期报告文学的通病。报告文学文体在部分的坚守中，出现了总体性的退化，这样，80年代的报告文学，也就成为20世纪中国报告文学史上最重要的，也是最后的一次辉煌。更多还原

【Abstract】 Reportage is a marginal style that considers nonfiction its rule, social concern its aim and real life its content. Chinese reportage accompanies all the way the violently changing 20th century. The nonfictional feature of reportage produces a great number of characteristics of such a style. Not only the reality in China in the th 20 century becomes the concrete target that reportage reflects, but also the social cultural ecology that is formed by the internal connection that reportage authors have for reality. The evolution of cultural ecology determines fundamentally the internal change of Chinese reportage in the 20th century. With reports of real life as its basic characteristic and social criticism as its aim, Chinese reportage has some logical connection with the intellectuals who regard maintenance of human morals, human concern, social criticism and enlightenment as their mission. Reportage, as a way of writing the intellectuals apply, owing to their changing status and stand under specific circumstances, changes in forms from time to time. Chinese reportage records, in one respect, the psychological course of Chinese intellectuals in the 2O~ century. Chinese reportage is a special product of modern cultural transition. As the associated product of modern journalistic culture, the style is an important recording of political culture in this period of time. The 20th century is a century of politics, thus political culture greatly influences reportage. From 1970抯, political culture dominates Chinese society and politicalized reportage became a product politicalized times. The one-way imputation of writers and dual-way mode of version, as a result, became the basic features of politicalized reportage. Under the influence of politics, Chinese reportage developed fast. Meanwhile, Irrational intimacy with politics made it disslmilated. Contemporary culture, emerging in late 1970抯. With opening and multielement as its main characteristics, made it possible to reportage authors and the style to win independence. Reportage authors began writing with independent stand, and its nature of criticism was manifested and strengthened. While in 1990抯, the intellectuals became marginalized. The decline of the author抯 humanities resulted II in their dodging frontal reality. Ideological shortage was a common failing among reportage authors and Chinese reportage decayed as a whole. Therefore, the 1980抯 was an age of reportage and it was considered both the most and the last magnificent period in the history of Chinese reportage in the 2O~II century.更多还原