【作者】 王隆平；

【导师】 温佩琳；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 利用地球物理研究地壳的深部构造，不仅为地壳的演化和大陆的形成等基础理论问题的深入研究提供证据，而且对划分大地构造单元、分析和预报天然地震的活动性以及研究各种矿产的成矿规律也具有十分重要的指导意义。 论文通过对地球物理信息的综合解译，在莫霍面等深度的基础上，首次提出具新意的中亚地区的一级构造系（缝合线）－“两隆两坳”构造格架。并提出沿着一级构造系是寻找贵重、有色多金属矿产的有利地带，而介于一级构造系之间的内陆沉积盆地是寻找石油和天然气的理想场所。 通过对航磁、布格重力、卫星磁力、现代地貌、现代地震以及地震层析成像反演等单一方法反映出来的深部构造的深入研究，并从210km、130km、50km、20km与浅地表等五个不同深度上划分了中亚地区的深部构造格架，论文首次提出了中亚地区不同属性的地质块体受三组主干基底构造控制，即：东西向、北东向和北西向三组基底构造系。认为：约在50km深处、三组主干基底构造系以1000km左右的间隔分布；约在20km深处，三组主干基底构造系派生出若干组等间距密集的深部构造网，三个方向构造网的间距约为200～300km。这一构造体系对中亚地区的大地构造研究具有重要的意义。 通过对准噶尔和塔里木两大内陆沉积盆地的基底构造研究，认为这两个盆地的深部均存在前寒武古老基底，且它们均受上述三组深部构造系的控制，同时也遭受到北西向和北东向构造的破坏作用。尤其是塔里木盆地，以前我们总认为具太古代结晶基底的塔里木地台应该是坚不可破的铁板一块，但实际上北西向的构造运动最终将塔里木中央纬向深断裂切断，使得82°以东的塔里木地块向北整整推移了近50km。这一发现将对塔里木盆地基底构造的研究起到积极的推动作用。 通过对中亚地球物理场特征-基底构造-已知大型矿床分布规律的系统研究，论文着重探讨了在中亚地区寻找大型、超大型多金属矿床的基本原则；大型、超大型多金属矿床除受构造缝合线控制外，同时受三组基底构造的控制；大型、超大型多金属矿床位于“两隆两坳”构造缝合线的两侧和三组基底构造相交的复合部位。这一发现为今后中亚地区（特别是新疆）进行大型、超大型多金属矿床成矿预测奠定了基础。认为1000km左右间隔的二级构造系控制了中亚地区的超大型多金属成矿省，并提出了中亚两个典型的超大型多金属成矿省；西南天山多金属成矿省和矿区阿尔泰-阿尔泰多金属成矿省。认为200km左右间隔的三级构造系控制了中亚地区的大型多金属矿集区，并提出了新疆境内有望成为大型-超大型矿集区的三个目标区：阿尔泰南缘多金属矿集区、吐哈盆地南缘多金属矿集区以及南天山多金属矿集区。 本文收集了中亚地区区域地质、布格重力、航磁、卫星磁力、地震层析成像、现代地貌、现代地震、同位素、已有矿床分布等多源地学信息的最新成果，首次利用地理信息系统（GIS）、重磁数据处理软件、先进的图像处理软件对中亚地区的多源数字化数据进行集成，透过纷繁复杂的现象，总结规律、从中提取了许多有用的信息，为判识和综合解译提供了可靠的基础资料，从地球物理角度提出了一套研究中亚地区大地构造的新思路、新方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 To study the deep faults of crust through geophysics not only provides proofs to further study of basic theories such as the crust evolution and continent formation, but also provides an important guidance to classifying tectonic units, analysing and predicting natural earthquake activities and studying different kinds of mineralisation.After comprehensive interpretation of geophysical information, on the basis of equal depth on Moho discontinuity, a new conception that the first order fault system (FOFS) of mid-Asian region has a tow-upheaval-two-concave-shaped structural framework, which called suture, is put forward for the first time. It is also concluded that the area along the each side of the FOFS has potential for precious and nonferrous metal deposits, while the sedimentary basins located in the middle of the FOFS are the ideal targets for looking for oil and gas.With further study of the deep faults interpreted through the data of aeromagnetic survey, Bouguer gravity, satellite magnetic, DEM, modern earthquake and seismic tomography, the deep fault framework in mid-Asia was classified into five different depths from 210km, 130km, 50km, 20km to shallow ground surface. The paper suggests for the first time that the geological blocks with different properties in midAsian area are determined by three groups of principle basement faults(PBF), they are: east-westward, north-eastward and north-westward faults. Author believes that these three group faults of PBF layout at the depth of 50km with a space of about 1000km between them; and at the depth of 20km, several groups of deep fault networks derived from the PBF with nearly equal space, which layout with an space of about 200?00km. The suggestion of these three groups of PBF has significant meaning in the study of tectonic of mid-Asian area.After the study of the basement faults of two inland sedimentary basins - Junggar and Tarim basins, it is believed that Precambrian basement lies deep in these two basins which are controlled by the three above-mentioned PBF and destroyed by the faults on north-westward and north-eastward. Tarim basin in particular, it is previously known that Tarim basin should be an complete piece of unbreakable iron. While in fact the central latitude fault of Tarim eventually was deeply cut by the northwestward movement, which pushed blocks on east of 820 to north at a distance of 50km. This discovery will be greatly helpful in the researches on the basement tectonic of Tarim basin.On the basis of the study of geophysical field, basement faults and occurrence of world class deposits in mid-Asian area, this paper focuses on discussing the basic principles of looking for major and world class deposits in these area. The principlesare:?The major and world class multi-metal deposits are determined not only by the sutures but also by three group faults of PBF;?Major and world class deposits lie at the each side of sutures, depicted as FOFS, and at the joints of the three group faults of PBF.The principles supply a basis for minerogenetic prediction of the major and world class multi-metal deposits in mid-Asian area, specially in Xinjiang. The author believes that the secondary order fault system with a space of 1000km control minerogenetic provinces that have potential for discovering world class deposits in mid-Asian area, and then points out that the two typical minerogenetic provinces are:southwest Tianshan area and Altay area. It is also believed by the author that the third order fault system with a space of 200km determine mineralization zone in mid-Asia. Three areas are predicted by the author to have the potential of discovering major deposits. They are: mineralization zones in southern Altay mountain, southern Tuha basin and southern Tianshan.This paper collects the latest data in different fields of geological researches on mid-Asian area such as regional geology, Bouguer gravity, aeromagnetic, satellite magnetic, DEM, seismic tomography, modern earthquake, isotope age, deposit occurrence. In this更多还原