【作者】 谭榜平；

【导师】 金景福； 张成江；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工学院 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 南角河矿床是以Ag、Pb、Zn、Sb、Cu、Au等为主的多金属矿床，主要金属储量已达到大型规模，具有重要的工业价值。前人在这里开展的研究工作还十分薄弱，区域内具有很好的找矿前景。 本文运用多学科的现代理论及先进方法，以野外地质观察与室内测试数据为依据，首次开展了南角河银多金属矿床形成的区域地质构造背景、矿床地质、同位素地球化学、微量元素、包裹体矿物学、垂直分带及找矿方法等方面的系统研究，取得的创新性成果及认识如下： （1）三江地区南段地质构造复杂，岩浆活动频繁，变质作用强烈，为各类矿床的形成创造了良好条件。南角河矿床东部为南北向延伸的临沧—勐海花岗岩基，该花岗岩基主体形成于海西—印支期，西部为元古代澜沧群变质岩。矿体产在花岗岩与变质岩的构造破碎接触带中，成矿与花岗岩浆活动及大气降水所形成的流体作用有关。 （2）矿体呈脉状产出，矿化发生在围岩蚀变范围以内，蚀变主要为硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化、碳酸盐化等，围岩蚀变可作为很好的找矿标志。研究了矿物成分，矿区首次鉴定了低温脆硫锑铅矿。 （3）矿床具显著的垂直分带性，下部主要为的Pb-Zn-Fe-Cu（Ag）组合，中部为Pb-Zn-Ag-Sb组合，上部Sb。沉淀分带性是南角河矿床分带的主要原因，间歇性分带对矿床分带影响不大。矿化垂直分带还表现在矿物组合、矿石结构构造、围岩蚀变、成矿温度、盐度、气液比、铅同位素比值等方面。 （4）同位素及微量元素研究表明，成矿物质主要来自花岗岩及元古代地层，矿化剂S来自上地幔，成矿介质流体以大气降水为主，混合少量岩浆热液。花岗岩为壳型花岗岩，在成矿过程中主要提供成矿物质外还供给成矿能量，促使含矿热液的形成和运移。 （5）包裹体研究表明，含矿流体为低盐度，低密度流体，成矿温度较低。温度、压力和pH值降低是成矿元素从流体中沉淀的主要原因。 （6）结合矿床特征，以核技术为主的找矿方法中γ能谱及氡测量能很好地反映容矿破碎带及花岗岩与变质岩的接触位置，室内多元素X射线荧光测量技术可以有效寻找蚀变带、元素地球化学异常及土壤原生晕、次生晕等流体成矿地球化学界面的标志，快速追踪矿床（体）的位置。幅频激电探测技术是寻找深部隐伏金属矿体的有效手段。 （7）根据研究结果，建立了矿床成因模式和找矿模式，并提出了找矿准则。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nanjiaohe silver-polymetallic deposit includes Ag, Pb, Zn, Cu, Au etc. mineralization. Some metal’s reserves already approaches middle scale, it has a important economic value. The deposit locates in the contact belt of granite and Lancang group. This deposit possesses a clear vertical zoning, it is a new type Lead-Zinc mine in Yunnan province. In this geology district there is a very good foreground of exploration. The writer began a first study on this ore deposit combined the field geological survey and analytical data in the laboratory. This paper has studied regional geology background, characteristic of Lead-Zinc deposits in Yunnan province, also studied ore deposit, geochemistry, vertical zoning, inclusion, prospecting foreground and accomplished geophysicl exploration experiment in Nanjiaohe. Acquired the following conclusions: Nanjiaohe ore deposit locates in south of Sanjiang region, here the geological structure is complex, tectonomagma moved continually, happened strong metamophism, all these provided a good precondition for ore formation. East of the deposit is the famous Lincang-Menghai batholithic granite formed during Varisn to Indo-Chinese epoch which has a north-south direction of strike, west is Lancang grouup metamorphic rock. The ore body is located in the fractured zone between granite and metamorphic rock. Mineralization processing was related to the atmospheric water and gmitic magmatism. Ore body was mainly contrled by the fractured zone, metallogenetic elments migrated and allocated in the zone too. Ore body occurred in veins. Metallization has a clear vertical zoning, underside is Pb, Zn, central section is Pb, Zn, Ag, Au and upside is Sb. Laydown zoning is the mainly facter, geyser zoning affected little. Metallization occurred in rock alteration, the alteration types are silication, seritization, pyritization and carbonation etc. Rock alteration is a good criteria for ore prospecting. Through the study of isotope we get the information that metallogenetic elements mostly came from strata of Lancang group, ore fluid mainly came from atmospherics water, mixed a small amount of magmatic solution. Granite is S-type, in the mineralizing process it offered energy helped the formation and migration of ore fluid. After the study of inclusion, we found that fluid was low salinity, low denseness and low temperature. The decline of temperature, pressure and pH was mainly factor that ore elements laied down from fluid. Mineralizing fluid migrated, concentrated and allocated in the fractured zone between granite and metamorphic rock, it was a good canal for Rn, U, Tb and K, added intense sericitization, in geophysical exploration we found that y -ray spectrometry, Radon spectrometry can reflect the allocation of fractured zone, X-ray fluorescence analysis in laboratory can effectively find alteration envelope, elements geochemical abnormality, soil primary and secondary halo, then find deposits allocation. Electric prospecting can be used to find concealed sulfide body in target area. According to the study result, a metallogenic model is presented corresponding with the prospecting model and norms.更多还原