【作者】 赵德深；

【导师】 范学理；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 采矿工程， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 随着煤矿开采规模的不断增大，矿区开采沉陷带来的损害日趋加剧，严重地影响着矿区的工农业生产、人民生活、交通运输、环境卫生等方面。说明人们在向大自然索取财富的同时，又严重地破坏着人地关系的PRED协调，造成大气污染、水圈衰减、土壤质量与数量降低、耕地减少、建筑受损等。为降低开采沉陷的危害程度，研究者们一直做着不懈的努力。如选择适当的开采措施减小地表沉陷量、对地面建筑设施进行加固与维修、或对地表沉陷区进行综合治理等等。 为了完善有效控制地表沉陷的新途径──覆岩离层充填减沉技术，本文对覆岩离层分布规律及其控制技术做了系统的研究。主要开展了如下工作： 1.通过物理模拟及数值仿真模拟的实验研究，分析了采动覆岩的移动与破坏过程，提出了采空区上方覆岩的平衡形式是以拱和梁（板）交替作用来实现平衡→失稳→再平衡的力学过程观点，并详细研究了覆岩中离层产生、发展与分布的时空规律，进而从覆岩控制角度划分了可充填离层带与不可充填离层带，为实际应用奠定基础； 2.离层产生于采空区上方覆岩中断裂带上方、整体弯曲带下部位，此处岩层在弯曲下沉时常表现为单层或层簇（几层）运动特征，其厚度与“整体弯曲带”岩层簇厚度相比是很小的；由于岩层脆性特征及煤层采出厚度的有限性，岩层的挠曲度与其本身厚度相比也构成了小量。在上述分析基础上，本文以力学理论为基础，采用薄板小挠度分析方法对采空区上方覆岩中离层产生的机理、离层值的大小及其位置、离层范围的圈定等进行了理论与应用研究。并探讨了倾斜煤层开采时离层的计算方法； 3.本文深入研究了对覆岩离层分布时空规律的影响因素，将其划分为两大类。第一类为地质条件因素，主要包括覆岩岩性的软硬度、互层特征、厚硬岩层的存在与否及其位置、非沉积岩的存在形式、地质构造及断层等；第二类为开采技术条件，主要包括开采方法、深厚比、煤层埋藏倾角、采空区尺寸、工作面推进速度等。并对其影响程度进行了定性或定量分析； 4.从实用角度出发，试探性地编制了覆岩离层充填减沉技术的实施指南。结合我国对该技术应用经验，对注浆钻孔空间位置的确定原则、注浆钻孔的制作与要求、工艺流程的组织与管理工作等进行了全面系统的表述。并以一站一孔为例具体给出了该技术实施的设计方法。分析了充填材料在离层空间中的作用与流动规律，同时还对注浆减沉效果的评价方法进行了探讨； 5．作为理论与技术成果的应用，本文对三个工程实例进行了分析，指出了离层充填减沉技术在不同地质采矿条件下应用的特点、减沉效果的可靠程度及工程的目标性。从实践角度进一步完善了离层分布规律与地表沉陷控制的理论技术体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Surface subsidence damage in coal mining district is worse and worse and ithas an effect on the aspects such as farm production 、 people life、 transportation andenvironmental hygiene with increasing of mining. This result explain that we badlydestructed the PRED coordination between man and the earth and made the resultsof air pollution、 water attenuation、 degradation of earth’s ability and quantity and ofbuilding damage. In order to lower the endangerment of surface subsidence scholarshave researched time and time on the methods like letting up the quantity of surfacesubsidence by using propriety mining method、 upkeep on building or the synthesisharnessing. The paper has systematical research on the distribution regulation ofseparated layer in overlying strata and the method of surface subsidence control incoal mining district in order to perfect the new method - the method of loweringdown surface subsidence by injecting clay grouts into separated layer in overlyingstrata. We have many works as following:1.This paper made the basis of practical application by researching on thephysical analogue and figures simulation analogue, and analyzed the process ofmining rods movement and damagment. This paper puts forward the mechanicalprocess of balance form of overlying rock. The process of balance is on thealternation of arch and beam (plate)、 explores the space-time law of separatedstrata’s occurrence、 development and distribution and this paper damasks theoverlying rock as injecting zone and no-injecting zone from the aspect of controllingoverlying rock.2.The separated strata is over fracture zone and under integral crook zone inwhere the rock formation’s moving is of monolayer or of many layers more oftenthan not, and the thickness of strata is very small while comparing with integralcrook zone. The flexure of layer is smaller while comparing with its thicknessbecause of the finiteness of layer’s fragility and coal seam’s thickness. This paperstudies the mechanism of strata’s occurrence、 the size and position of strata and thedelineation of strata on the basis of mechanical theory and of what discussed above.At the same time the paper also discussed the computing method of strata Whilemining pitching coal.3.This paPer exPlored the influencing factors on the law of distribution anddemarked them tWo classes. The one is geologic condition including rock’shardness. interbed feature. hard lager’s existence and its tosition. existence form ofinsedimentary rock. geology structure and fau1t. The other is mining technicalconditions including mining method. rate of depth and thickness. incidence of coalseam’ size of mining dummy and mining sPeed and so on. The paPer also made thequantitative analysis or qualifies analysis at the rate of contribution.4.This paPer tentatively wrote the guide-book for lowering down thesubsidence by injecting clay grouts on the basis of practical use. The text explainsthe following all-sidedly and systematically such as the principle of how to definitethe position of hole. the making of hole and the organization of technical schedule.The paper gave out the method to design the injecting project as the example of onehole and one station. And the paPer also analyzed the action and fiowing law of claygrouts which was in the space of strata, and at the same time aPproached the methodto assess the result of injecting project.5.As the result of theory and technique, this paPer analyzed three examplesand pointed out the feature of using the technique in different coal seam. thetrustiness of injecting result and the target of project. This text further perfected thetheory and technique systems of strata’s distribution law and of surface subsidencecontrol.更多还原