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大别造山带中生代岩浆作用与成矿地球化学研究

【作者】 杜建国

【导师】 岳书仓; 常印佛;

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 , 矿床学, 2000, 博士

【摘要】 大别造山带是华北与扬子陆块实现最终拼合的碰撞造山带。自八十年代以来,由于大别造山带含柯石英、微粒金刚石的榴辉岩为标志的超高压变质带的确定,大别山已成为全球超高压变质带研究的“热点”地区。目前,国内外对造山带的研究主要集中于造山带的形成机制、超高压变质带的形成地球动力学背景及其折返机制等问题,而关于造山带中成矿作用与造山作用之间联系研究则相对较薄弱。本文研究主要针对造山带成矿作用普遍存在的一些问题,着重进行了以下几方面的内容研究:(1)利用了历史大地构造分析方法,研究了大别造山带及其邻区中生代以来的成矿地质背景。(2)在区内中生代火成岩岩石构造组合、系列鉴别的基础上,利用了“岩石探针”技术对造山带中生代的壳幔相互作用过程进行了较深入的研究。(3)在成岩成矿物源-流体-成矿系统研究中,运用了同位素示踪、激光拉曼探针分析、微量元素地球化学模拟等技术方法,研究了造山带范围内区域成矿物源-流体-成矿系统的组成特征。(4)应用了新的地球动力学理论,结合造山带岩浆岩、内生金属矿床的成岩成矿地球化学研究,探讨了造山作用与成岩成矿的时空耦合关系。(5)应用了区域成矿分析方法,并结合区域成矿学研究的一些新进展,对造山带成矿特点进行了较详细的讨论。通过对大别造山带中生代岩浆作用与成矿地球化学特征的系统研究,本文在以下几方面取得了一些重要进展: (1)论证了大别山造山带燕山期与印支期是两个相对独立而有联系的造山事件。首次对这种碰撞型大陆复合造山带进行成矿体系研究,并提出了以物源-岩浆-流体-成矿系统为指导思想和区域成矿体系的研究方法,丰富了区域成矿学研究内容。 (2)将大别山中生代火山-侵入岩划分为高钾钙碱性系列、钾玄岩系列、碱性岩系列和拉斑玄武岩系列;提出这些岩浆岩系列分别对应不同时代、不同构造环境,将其划分为造山后(隆升型)(T2-J2)、同造山型(J3-K1)和伸展型(穹隆型)(K1)三种成因类型,并就其形成的地球动力学环境与造山作用的时空耦合关系进行了阐述。 (3)通过对区内不同构造单元中生代区域成岩成矿物源系统研究,利用多重地球化学制约的研究和微量元素定量地球化学模拟等手段,论证了大别山中生代岩浆岩的成岩、成矿物源主要来自扬子型基底和南、北大别基底变质岩存在较大差别;提出了区内成矿规模的差异主要受物源条件制约的认识。 (4)在详细研究区域岩石、矿床的流体组成及成分特征基础上,在国内首次系统阐明了大别造山带流体系统具有分区的特征,将大别山造山带的流体系统划分流体富集区、流体贫乏区和流体排泄区三类次级系统,并揭示了矿化作用主要发生在流体富集区的成矿特征。在根据不同次级系统的流体演变与造山带形成、演化关系的对应基础上,探讨了大别造山带的流体演化特证。 (5)在造山带成矿系统研究中,根据不同成矿单元的物源、岩浆、流体系统组成特点及与成矿关系,在大别造山带的成矿系统划分为壳幔混合源-岩浆-流体-成矿系统和壳源-岩浆-流体-成矿系统两个系统,并在两个成矿系统中划分出相应的成矿系列。 (6)在大别山造山带超高压变质带中首次发现了含金钛-铁氧化物,并通过铁钛氧化物在榴辉岩相-角闪岩相-绿片岩相退变质过程的矿物相转变以及金的赋存状态和地球化学研究,论证了金在变质作用过程中的迁移变化特点,得出了与前人有明显不同的新认识,为研究金元素地球化学及其成矿作用提供了新的依据。 (7)首次在北大别麻粒岩和镁铁质-超镁铁质岩中发现原生包裹体(熔融包裹体),并确定这些流体具有地幔流体特征。同时通过对超高压变质岩及其退变质过程的流体组成及变化的系统研究,建立了造山带垂向的流体结构模式。 (8)选择了桐柏-大别山及长江中下游地区的典型矿集区、矿床进行了成矿地球化学研究,分析了造山带不同单元的成矿控制来件。 (9)通过岩浆-流体成矿动勺学研究,揭示了岩浆-流体活动过程与成矿关系,探讨了大别造山带内、外带成矿差异的卞要原因。同时,在研究岩浆形成演化过程中的熔体/流体分离作用过程中的成矿元素的变化特点,对岩浆热液矿床的形成提出了一些新的认识。 门0) 在区域成矿地质条件、成矿规律、成矿地球化学特征与造山作用过程的时空耦合关系的综合研究矗础上,建立了碰擅造山带构造-岩茨成矿演化模式,并迭择了造山带内.典型矿床建立了相应的成矿模式,并对区域找矿前景进行了初步网述。 由十一些研究内容中具有较大的探幸性,所获得的只是初步成果,需要今后工作逐步恤以深入、完善。

【Abstract】 Advicers:Prof.Yue Shucang ,Acadimician Chang Yinfo Dabie Orogenic belt is,which is between Northern China a Block and Yangtze Block,a collisional orogenic belt that had been finally converged togather. Dabie orogenic belt has become a 1~otspot 揳rea to study the Ultra-high-pressure(UHP) in the world now. With UHP been discovered, which is marked by ecolgite with bearing-coesite and bearing-rn icrodiamond. The updating focus of studing orogenic belt on its formation,the geodynamic backgroubd of UHP belt and its uplifting mechanism, no more attention relationship mineralization and orogeny in the orogenic belt. The major contents in this thesis are the common issues about the mineralization of the orogenic belt as below:( I )The regional geological background of the mineralization since Mesozoic in dabie orogenic belt and around it by using the historical tectonic analysis.(2)Basing on analysising of igneous rocks tectonic assemblage . series.. inside orogenic belt and near it,crust-mantle interaction of orogenic belt is studied in detail by means of 搇ithoprobe 憕(3)The characteristics of regional petrogenesising-mineralogenesising material source條iquid .Dre-forming System in orogenic belt are studied with trace isotope ..Laser Raman microprobe and geochemistry imitating of trace elements.(4)Discussing about the relation of couple between orogeny and diagenesis mineral ization in time and space with new geodynamics and studying of the magmatic rocks and the geochemistry of diagenesis and mineralization of endo- metal deposits.(5)By means of regional mineralization analysis and combined with some progresses in regional minerogenesis, characteristics of ore-forming in orogenic belt are discussed in detail. Through the systematic studying about the magmatism and minerogenesis geochemistry of orogenic belt in Mesozoic, Some advance achievement are got as below: (I) It is proved that lndosinian movement and Yanshanian movement are two independent but mutual orogenic events. This is first to studying on the mineralization system of complex collisional continental orogenic belt and is supposed that the research method, which take the material source-magma-fluid-mineralization system as a guide and regional mineralogenesis system. It will promote advancement in regional minerogenesis. (2) In Dabie orogenic belt, Mesozoic volcano-intrusive rocks can be divided into four series ,that is high-potasium calc-alkaline series~ shoshonite series~ alkaline series. tholeiite series; they formed different times and tectonic settings that can be confirmed on the uplifting type(post-orogeny)(J,- J3).. syno-orogeny type(J3-K1) and extension type(dome type)(K1).Sometimes the volcano-intrusive rocks formed coupling relationship of times and space of orogeny and geodynamic environments- are discussed in full and clear. (3) Based on multiple geochemistry constrain, trace elements imitating, that are studied on material system of petrogenesising and minerogenesising in different tectonic units. It is proved that material source of petrogenesising and minerogenesising are mainly from 慪angtze type basement?and it was different source between Northern Dabie and southern Dabie in Mesozoic. The reason that ore-forming scale is different between northern Dabie and southern Dabie is originated different 3 material source. (4) First to pose and expound characteristics of fluid system in Dabie orogenic belt at home, the

  • 【分类号】P611
  • 【被引频次】18
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