【作者】 付强；

【导师】 杨文林；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2000， 博士

【摘要】 本研究是国家“九五”科技攻关课题《三江平原低湿地农业综合开发研究》的一个子课题，通过系统研究，渴望为节水型井灌水稻栽培新模式以及三江平原农业与地下水资源的可持续利用与发展提供理论依据。 三江平原是我国重要的商品粮基地，近年来井灌水稻面积逐年扩大。但是地下水资源紧缺已成为其今后发展的制约因素。过量超采地下水，大水漫灌，使得人为浪费水资源十分严重，地下水动态平衡遭到破坏，致使每年出现大量吊泵和漏斗现象。每年农业用水占社会总用水的70%以上，而农业用水主要是水稻用水，占农业用水的90%。因此，研究节水型水稻灌溉新模式，掌握田间水分的运移规律，适时、适量、适温的灌溉，实现节水、增温、高产的目标是我们研究的重点。 本课题以三江平原井灌水稻作为研究对象，针对其田间生产过程，将晒水池、渠系、本田、农用机井、农业机械列为一个整体系统来研究。通过现场实测数据，应用相关与多元回归分析方法，建立起适合三江平原地区的水量平衡模型，包括土壤渗透模型（晒水池、渠道、本田的渗漏规律）、水面蒸发模型、水稻需水量模型（腾发模型）；用季节预测法建立降雨预测模型；用时间序列分析法建立井灌水稻需水量预报模型；用频率分析法，求出设计典型年净灌溉需水量，并以此推求出设计典型年的设计灌溉定额、灌水定额与设计灌溉制度。探求了晒水池内水增温机理及其与晒水池内水流经路程、水的流速、气温及池内水深的关系，并建立起数学模型；建立了渠道内水增温与气温、渠道长度及渠内水流速（流量）的关系函数。详细研究了本田池内水温的分布规律及灌水方法，同时，对农用机井在设计规模下的选型、水泵型号、动力机匹配以及相应的农业机械的型号和规模与优序关系进行了研究。最后，通过典型小区的设计，将工程节水技术措施、耕作措施、田间管理措施、增温系统结合组装在一起，实现系统整体最优，最终实现节水20～30%，并在此基础上，对三江平原地区发展井灌水稻允许面积进行了测算。以上研究结果，不仅对指导三江平原水稻生产具有重要意义，而且对全省其它地区的水稻生产同样具有指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Thesis is the sub-project of the task named he Agricultural Synthetically Development Study on Low-Wet Land of San Jiang Plain?which belongs to he Ninth Five Years Plan of China? Through researching the system, the writer eater to provide some data and theoretical basis for the saving water model of well irrigation for rice and continued using and development of agriculture and groundwater resources.San Jiang Plain is the most important base of commodity grain of China. The area under cultivation of well irrigation for rice has been expanding year after year of lately year. Groundwater resources has been become the restricted factor. The development of San Jiang Plain has been restricted by groundwater. Ultra-extracting the groundwater and wasting the water resources by artificial t~ctor, the dynamic balance of groundwater has been destroyed.So, more and more pumps can work and the appearance of funnel has been arisen. The water quantity used for agriculture make up 70 percent of the total used water of society. Most of water resources used for agriculture have been used for rice irrigation, it makes up 90 percent of agriculture water. So, we must research the new model of saving water on rice irrigation. We should master the regularity of water motion in field. Thus, we can irrigate in good time, in proper water quantity and temperature. So, the emphasis should be put on how to save water resources, how to raise the water temperature and output.The task research t,n the Well irrigation for rice of San iiang Plain. During the course of filed produce, the writer take sunning water pool, irrigation ditch, field, motor-pumped well and agricultural machinery as a whole system. Through observing the data and applying the method of interrelation and regression analysis, we build up the water balance model that fit for the area of San Jiang Plain. The model includes the model of soil permeability, the model of water surf~ce evaporation and the model of water requirement for rice. We apply the method of season forecast to build up the model of forecasting rainfall. At the same time, we build up the model of forecasting water requirement through the method of time array analysis. Using frequency analysis, we also calculate the designed irrigation quota and designed irrigation system. The writer studied the mechanism of raising temperature insunning water pool and the water depth of pool and the water temperature in pool. We also build up the mathematical function between water temperature in irrigation ditch and air temperature and the speed of water in ditch.The paper researches the distributed regularity of field pool, and the method of the water irrigation. At the same time, tbe writer studied the motor-pumped well and agricultural machinery according to the designed condition. It includes choosing the model of well, the type of pump, the matching power plant, the type and scale of agricultural machinery and the relationship between them. At last, through designing a typical area, the writer compose each technique together, such as technique of engineering saving water, farming technique, field management technique and raising water temperature system and so on. Through studied the system, we can save water resources 20 to 30 percent Thus, the writer calculated the most suitable area of planting well irrigation for rice in San Jiang Plain. The results of the paper provide some theoretical basis for further research.Fu QiangMechanization of Agricultural EngineeringYang Guang Lin更多还原