【作者】 马海鹏；

【导师】 李夕兵；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 本文对特大型钢结构爆炸切割拆除机理及应用进行了研究。随着国民经济的飞速发展,我国目前已经有越来越多的建筑采用钢结构,例如著名的北京奥运场馆鸟巢、水立方和上海的金茂大厦、环球金融中心,以及大量的厂房、桥梁、航站楼、高铁站、会展中心、体育场馆等。但随着钢结构建筑使用寿命的到来,钢结构建筑的拆除已成为建筑行业的一个新的研究课题。传统的建筑爆破拆除技术不能满足钢结构建筑拆除的需要,而在小型钢结构拆除中被广泛使用的机械切割拆除和化学切割拆除也显然无法完成大型钢结构建筑拆除的要求,因此亟待需要找到一种新的拆除方法来解决这个问题。利用线性聚能切割装药技术对大型钢结构建筑物进行爆炸切割拆除是近十几年中比较常见且行之有效的拆除模式,也是拆除爆破中的一种特殊的拆除模式。但对于特大型钢结构爆炸切割拆除还没有任何的先例,要安全顺利完成这类爆炸切割拆除任务,在技术上要克服不少困难,尤其在关键技术环节上要有所突破,比如说在预处理安全性和倾倒可靠性上、线性聚能切割器设计上和闹市区大量裸露装药爆炸的安全防护措施上等关键技术环节均要有创新性的技术突破。本文从这三项关键技术的研究现状和急需解决的技术难题入手,首先针对特大型钢结构爆炸切割拆除前预处理工作的安全性从整体结构的稳定性的角度考虑,采用理论法和有限元法分别进行了论证研究,并得出了较为恰当的预处理方案,并采用相同的方法对钢结构物定向倾倒的可靠性进行了分析研究,从而得出确定合理炸高的计算方法；其次对适用于特大型钢结构爆炸切割拆除工程的线性聚能切割器的各个设计参数进行深入研究,最终确定切割器结构参数优化的模式和具体方法；再次,分析了大型爆炸切割工程中大量裸露装药的危害效应,针对危害效应创造性地提出了相应的防护措施,并通过理论、数值模拟和试验等手段对防护措施具体效果进行了深入研究；最后,结合沈阳绿岛室内体育馆目前这一世界上最大规模的爆炸切割拆除工程,将研究成果成功应用到这一工程实例中,使爆炸切割拆除技术水平上升到前所未有的高度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Abstract:The demolition principle and application by explosion cutting for extra large steel structure building is studied in this paper. More and more buildings, with the rapid development of national economy, are constructed by steel structure, such as some famous landmark like the Bird’s Nest, the Water Cube in Beijing and the Jin Mao Tower, the World Financial Center in Shanghai, as well as plants, bridges, airport terminals, high speed rail stations, convention centers, stadiums, and so on with a large number. On the other hand, the service life of these buildings in early time is drawing near, which makes the demolition technology have become a new research topic. There is an urgent demand to find a new method to get rid of the dilemma that traditional blasting technology is out of capability for steel structure building while the mechanical or chemical cutting technology widely used in the small size neither can meet the requirement of the large scale.It is a common effective but also special demolition model using linear shaped cutting charge technology in recent ten years. Even so, quite a few technique problems, especially some key links, need to overcome if these demolition tasks want to be performed safely and successfully since there are few precedents before. For example, innovative technical breakthrough is the desideratum in studying the pretreatment security and toppling reliability, the design of linear shaped charge cutter and the safety precautions of large adobe blasting in downtown area. Starting with the research status of these three techniques and the problems urgent to work out, demonstration study, based on the massive structure stability for the pretreatment security, is being carried out with theory method and finite element method. Same approach is applied to analyze the reliability of steel structure directional collapsing, which obtains a calculation method to choose reasonable blasting height. Our further research focuses on the cutter parameters applied to the explosion cutting demolition engineering of extra large steel structure, after which the model and means optimizing the structure parameters are determined. Hazardous effects from large adobe charge in the engineering are also discussed. Several methods such as theoretical model, numerical simulation and experiment analysis are used to put forward creative precautions and study further on the effectiveness. All achievement above is applied into the Shenyang Lvdao indoor stadium engineering as one of the largest scale explosion cutting demolition in the world, which makes the technology up to an unprecedented height.更多还原