【作者】 朱和玲；

【导师】 周科平；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 采矿工程， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国优质矿产资源的日益减少,人们将不得不面对赋存条件越来越复杂的矿产资源,可以预见在不久的将来,复杂矿体将成为未来开采的主体资源。而目前应用传统采矿方法开采这类矿体时普遍受到采矿工艺复杂、开采成本高、安全性差、生产效率低、损失贫化率高等问题的制约。开展松软破碎型复杂矿体开采技术优化与过程控制研究,有助于突破传统采矿方法的限制,吸纳最新的采矿理论、技术、工艺,为实现复杂矿体安全、经济、高效回采提供理论指导和技术支持。本文依托“十一五”国家科技支撑计划研究课题,采取理论探讨、试验研究、工程应用等多种方法相结合的研究路线,对复杂矿体采矿方法的理论和技术体系及其工程应用开展了深入研究,取得了以下几个方面的进展：(1)立足于复杂矿体的开采技术创新突破。在分析复杂矿体开采特点和水平的基础上,率先在新疆喀拉通克铜镍矿引入采矿环境再造理念开展工业试验,在松软破碎型复杂矿体中构建采矿环境再造技术体系,并在此基础上开展了采矿工艺、技术、设备等方面的优化创新,探讨了复杂矿体再造采场结构稳定性的综合分析方法,提出了相应的稳定性控制技术和措施。(2)研究了采场结构复杂力学响应规律。概括了采场结构力学响应规律研究的基本方法及其相互关系,结合采场结构力学的复杂特点,分别开展了数值模拟、相似材料模型试验及现场监测研究,获得了动、静载条件下结构力学的响应规律；并以此为基础,完成了对采场结构基本参数及其施工步序进行的优化设计。(3)研究了采场结构的破坏机理及其控制技术。在分析采场结构破坏主要因素和表现形式的基础上,探讨了采场结构的破坏机理,建立了采场结构稳定性预测模型；根据采场结构稳定性特征,有针对性地提出了充填体强度控制、优化施工步序和围岩注浆加固等结构稳定性控制技术方案。(4)完成了岩体爆破损伤控制与评价试验研究。开展了岩石爆破损伤特征研究,分析了不耦合装药系数与爆炸压力、爆炸裂纹之间的关系,通过爆破试验确定了合理的不耦合装药系数；利用核磁共振快速无损检测技术及其成像原理,设计了多组损伤评价试验,通过对试验岩芯T2谱分布、T2谱面积的变化特征和岩石的内部孔隙分布特性进行分析,获得该爆破参数条件下爆破损伤范围及程度的分布规律；并与岩石声波测试及单轴抗压结果进行比较分析,建立了岩石核磁共振特性与力学性质之间的关系。(5)开展了采场结构可靠性分析与设计研究。基于采场结构普遍存在的随机性和不确定性等特点,结合响应面法与JC法构建地下采场结构可靠性计算模型,开展模拟试验求得采场结构的可靠度；分析了随机因素的敏感性,并以期望损失值最小为决策准则,实现对采场结构可靠性的优化设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the reducing mineral resources of high quality in China day by day, people will have to face more and more complex occurrence condition of mineral resources, it can be expected in the near future, complicated and hard-to-mine ore deposit will become the main resources of exploitation. At present, the application of traditional mining method for mining the ore body is restricted by some problems, for instance, complex mining technology, high cost of exploitation, poor security, low production efficiency, high rate of loss and dilution. Carrying out the basic theory and engineering application research of mining environment reconstruction technology, it is helpful to break the confine of traditional mining method, absorb the latest mining method, theory, technology, process, equipment and so on, giving consideration to protection of the ecological environment in the meantime, providing experience reference and technical support to realize security, economy, efficient mining of complicated hard-to-mine ore bed. This paper is based on the "11th five-years" National Science and technology support program research topic, taking the research way combined with theoretical discussion, experimental study, engineering application, carrying out further research on the theory of mining environment reconstruction, technical system and its engineering application, has made progress in the following aspects:(1) Based on the complex ore mining technology breakthroughs. The concept of mining environment reconstruction is first introduced into mining hard-to-mine ore body. It is stated the mining environment reconstruction theory to propose the background, basic concepts, significance and connotation essence, combined with the development level of mining skill, technology and equipment, construction of the mining environment reconstruction technology system, discussion on the comprehensive analysis method of the underground space structure stability of mining environment reconstruction, put forward to corresponding stability controlling technology and measures. (2) Study on complex mechanics response rule of mining environment reconstruction spatial structure. It is generalized the basic method and its relationship of underground rock mass structure mechanics response regular research, combining complicated characteristics of underground rock mass structure mechanics, respectively carrying out numerical simulation, similar material model test and site monitoring research, obtaining response law under the condition of dynamic and static on similar of structural mechanics, and on this basis, completed basic parameters for the reengineering underground space structure and its optimization design of construction procedure.(3) Study on fracture mechanism of the reconstructing underground spatial structure and its controlling technique, based on analysis of the main factor and manifestation of underground spatial structure damage, discussion of the fracture mechanism of the underground structure, setting up structural stability prediction model; According to underground structural stability characteristic, the structural stability control technology solutions are put forward, such as reasonably filling body strength, optimized construction step and surrounding rock grouting reinforcement.(4) The experimental study on blasting damage control and evaluation of rock mass under mining environment reconstruction had completed. Based on the analysis of rock characteristics by blasting damage, The relationship between decoupling charge coefficient and the explosion pressure, as well as the explosion cracks, were studied. Through a trial blasting, the reasonable decoupling charge coefficient was determined. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique was applicatied for damage evaluation. Selecting rock core with different detonation source distance for NMR measurement and imaging analysis, by analyzing and discussing T2spectral distribution, T2spectral area’s change characteristics of every core and rock’s internal pore distribution characteristics, obtained the distribution rule for blasting damage range and degree of under this condition of blasting parameters; And compressive comparing and analysis with rock acoustic testing and single axis compression results, established the relationship between rock nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characteristics and mechanical properties.(5) The research and design of mining structure reliability was conducted. According to the characteristics of randomicity and uncertainty of underground stope structure, the structural reliability calculation model was established by the response surface method and JC method. Analysis of the sensitivity of random factors, and using the minimum expected loss value as decision criteria, the structure reliability was optimized.更多还原