【作者】 李海峰；

【导师】 冯亚东；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 人口学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 在当今中国社会全方位转型的情势下,中国刑法学界对犯罪论体系的论争日趋激烈,对通说体系的质疑与批判声不绝于耳。作为刑法学之核心问题,犯罪论体系的构造显然已经成为刑法学人需要审慎应对的时代课题。然而,由于以往著述一定程度地存在着研究理念泛化、研究方向西化、研究视角僵化等倾向,使得犯罪论体系在面对具体司法实践的拷问时常常陷入“失语”的境地。比如,司法者对犯罪论体系的内容及定位存在模糊认识,对犯罪论体系内部各要件的应用步骤存在偏差,不能因诉讼阶段的不同而灵活应用犯罪论体系,对不同犯罪论体系背景下形成的特定话语混同适用,等等。为此,立足中国实际而把握正确的研究方向,不仅关乎我国刑法理论究竟走向何处的问题,更关涉我国刑事法治的进程甚至刑事法治建设的最终成败。本文试图站在一个司法者的角度,结合多年来的司法实践工作,跳开在犯罪论体系上的重构、改造抑或完善的理论纷争；以“司法应用”这一全新的命题为视角,奉行刑事一体化的研究思路,运用历史考察法、比较分析法、实证分析法等研究方法,梳理近年发生的典型或疑难事案；将实体法与程序法、证据学与社会学、法律规范与刑事政策等有机衔接,重新审视我国的犯罪论体系。以此,揭示该理论工具所应包含的具体内容,详细阐释这些内容所具备的司法功能,用以澄清司法者的模糊认识,指明处断中国事案理应适用中国体系的思维观念。在此基础上,结合诉讼各环节对犯罪论体系进行详尽解读,并对其司法应用过程进行具体演示,充分诠释我国犯罪论体系的实践价值；以期能够引起学界对犯罪论体系实践侧面的关注,拓展犯罪论体系的研究空间,丰富犯罪论体系的研究成果。循此思路,本文分如下几部分渐次展开：(1)从犯罪论体系的司法缘起入手,展示该理论源于司法需求的演变过程。在此基础上,揭示该理论独具的本质属性——“适用的法定性”,充分说明我国犯罪论体系虽然移植于前苏联,但历经我国刑法学者们长达近六十年的扬弃与完善,已经实现了中国化,成为了具有中国特色的理论体系。(2)在通说“四要件”体系的基础上,提出我国犯罪论体系因受我国刑法典的制约,其具体内容应当依次是犯罪概念、犯罪构成、与犯罪相关的特殊形态,简称以“四要件”为核心的犯罪论体系；并结合每一块的司法功能,对该体系所包含的各要件内容及顺序进行详细阐释和分析论证。(3)以侦查、起诉、审判三个主要诉讼环节为依托,论证体系要件在案件事实证明过程中的具体作用,明确各个诉讼环节对体系中各个要件的不同需求；并最终以所裁判的事实为基准,结合经典个案,演绎“中式体系”在司法中的具体运用脉络,洞察我国犯罪论体系之于司法实践的强大生命力。(4)接续对应用过程的论证,提出在现代社会对体系要件的具体应用中,尤其要处理好“三个关系”,即要件适用与舆情影响、刑事推定、学理解释三者之间的关系,以引起司法者对类似问题的关注。经过上述逐层剖析论证,结论自然蕴于其中：中国刑法典本身型塑了“犯罪概念→犯罪构成→与犯罪相关的特殊形态”之阶层式“三大版块,,的犯罪论体系；在中国现实国情及司法情势下,作为通说性的刑法理论恰恰具有高度的针对性。以犯罪概念为总揽、以犯罪构成为分拆、以与犯罪相关的特殊形态为补充的整个犯罪论体系,实则为大量常发案件以及疑难事案提供了最基本的析罪路径；切实发挥着大类定位、小类定位、微型定位之适法分流、认知识别犯罪的功能。司法者循此模式和步骤,能够使静态的刑法文本准确切入鲜活事案,从而为侦查取证、审查起诉、依法裁断提供一个合情合理的分析路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 China today is a special case, the Chinese criminal law scholars on the "criminal system" of the various debates turn debut. The core issue of criminal law has become a serious issue that a person who study criminal law must face. However, to a certain degree, researches on the criminal system have been misguided, which leads to some problems:for example, the judiciary on the system of criminal content and the presence of positioning vague understanding of the judiciary system of criminal elements within each step there is a deviation of the application, judicial proceedings were not able to because of the different stages of flexible application of criminal system, confused words formed under various criminal systems, and so on.Therefore, based on the actual situation in China and grasp the correct direction of research are not only related to Chinese criminal law theory but also more concerned with the success of the process of the construction of criminal law. This paper attempts to avoid remodeling, renovation or the completion of theoretical disputes, Fine and careless logic probe, and stands by a judicial point of view, combined with years of judicial practice work,"Judicial Application" perspective of this new proposition, pursue criminal integrated research ideas, the use of historical investigation, comparative analysis, empirical analysis and other research methods, combing occurred in recent years, something typical or difficult cases, the substantive law and procedural law, evidence and Sociology, legal norms and criminal policy and other organic convergence, to re-examine our criminal system. In order to reveal the theoretical tools should contain the specific content of these elements possess elaborate judicial functions, to clarify the vague understanding of the judiciary, the case indicated at something off China should apply the concept of the Chinese system of thinking. On this basis, and combined with the criminal system and the judicial proceedings and demonstration of various aspects of integrations, the practical value of criminal system can be fully explained. so that academic practice can be aroused on the side of the criminal system concerns, expanding criminal system research space, rich criminal system research.Thinking in this manner, the paper points at the following sections:(1) from the origin of criminal system, to show that the theory is from justice needs, on this basis, to reveal the unique essence of the theory-"applicate statutory ", in order to explain even our criminal system was transplanted in the former Soviet Union, but after nearly six decades learning and improvement, it has become a theoretical system with Chinese characteristics.(2) Based on "four elements", our criminal system should constraint by the Penal Code, and its specific content should be followed by the concept of crime, constitutes a crime, and crime-related special form, referred to as the "four elements "as the core of the crime on the system, combined with the judicial function of each piece of the system contains various elements of content and sequence analysis of the detailed interpretation and argumentation.(3) On the basis of investigation, prosecution and trial to demonstrate the specific role during the formation of a case, to clear different needs in each process-litigation, ultimately, to the fact that the basis of the referee, combined with the classic case, the interpretation of "Chinese system" in the judicial context in the specific application, Glimpse and insight of our system of judicial practice in our country strong vitality.(4) continuation of the argumentation, putting forward that in modern society, because of the development of the situation dictates system requirements of specific applications in particular, deal with "three relationships", requirements for impact and public opinion, criminal presumption academic interpretation of the three the relationship between the judiciary intent on causing similar concerns even vigilance.after full argument, the following conclusions come naturally:Chinese Criminal Code itself has included both a hierarchical connotation "three major sections" criminal system; today in China’s conditions and judicial situation, the general theory of criminal law never fade, to dominate the concept of crime as to constitute a crime as a spin-off, with the special form of crime-related crime on the system throughout the supplement, but in reality is often a lot of hair cases and occasional difficult cases provide the most basic thing sin path analysis, and effectively categories positioning subcategories positioning, micro-positioning legality diversion, identify crime cognitive function. The judiciary should follow these kinds of steps and patterns, use static text accurately real cases, so as to provide a reasonable "statement" in the process of investigation.更多还原