【作者】 李必红；

【导师】 陈寿如； 王小平；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 采矿工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 摘要：常规预裂爆破技术采用的是圆柱形不耦合装药结构,其爆炸能量沿炮孔径向均匀分配,缺点明显。本文引入线型聚能爆破技术,设计出了椭圆双极线型聚能药柱(简称：EBLSC药柱),该药柱能够合理分配爆炸能量,增大预裂面作用力而减少对炮孔壁的损伤,达到增大孔距、减少孔数和药量,从而实现经济、快速、安全和环保的目的。本文主要在以下方面开展了研究。(1)论述了预裂爆破和定向线型聚能爆破技术的发展与现状、聚能装药基本理论、聚能射流形成及侵砌过程。(2)建立了基于瞬时爆轰的EBLSC药柱爆炸力学模型,对装药有效部分及药柱结构参数开展了研究并编制了分析软件,完成了装药结构参数的优化设计。(3)建立了EBLSC药柱孔壁岩石应力计算模型,得出了聚能方向孔壁岩石应力是短轴方向231倍、常规圆柱形药柱14.4倍的结论；对外壳作用开展了研究,得出了外壳在缓冲峰压保护孔壁和增大气刃延长裂隙方面有着显著的效果；对孔距进行了计算,得出了EBLSC预裂爆破孔距是炮孔直径24.3倍、常规预裂爆破孔距3.29倍的结论。(3)开展了EBLSC药柱1/3缩比侵砌实验研究、不耦合系数测定实验研究以及岩石爆炸应力测试试验研究。试验得出了EBLSC药柱具有明显的定向断裂特性、最佳不耦合系数为3.63、岩石中相同距离处聚能方向爆炸应力是短轴方向的20.7倍的结论。(4)开展了EBLSC药柱爆炸、侵砌及结构参数数值模拟研究。系统的得到了射流的形成、运动和毁伤破坏现象及规律,得到了结构参数中各因素的影响程度,并与理论分析和实验研究相比较,有力地支持了相关研究。(5)详细给出了EBLSC预裂爆破技术在江苏溧阳抽水蓄能电站岩石开挖中的应用案例。对EBLSC药柱的组装结构、技术要点、爆破试验、爆破参数及爆效果等进行了分析探讨,并开展了EBLSC预裂爆破与常规圆柱形预裂爆破的对比试验,均取得了很好的效果。本文为EBLSC预裂爆破技术的理论分析、数值模拟、实验研究和实地应用等提供了重要的参考,有利于该技术的全面推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Abstract:The Pre-splitting blasting technology relating to the cylindrical non-coupling charging is often used in slope excavation engineering in open-pit mining and geotechnical engineering, whose explosive energy is distributed evenly around the hole and which defect is obvious.Based on the linear shaped charge blasting technique, the Elliptic Bipolar Linear Shaped Charge (referred to as "EBLSC") has been designed. By which, the explosion energy can be assigned reasonably, the presplit face force can be increased, the damage on the slope can be reduced, the pitch can be increased, and the number of holes and explosives can be reduced. Therefore, the purpose of economic, fast, safety and environmental protection can be reached.The following research has been carried out in this paper.(1) The development and present situation of the technology of Pre-splitting blasting and Linear shaped charge blasting, the basic theory of shaped charge, the formation and penetration process of shaped jet were discussed.(2) Based on the instantaneous detonation, the EBLSC explosion model was established. The effective part of the charge and the grain structure parameters were studied. Analysis software was compiled. The charge structure parameter design was optimized.(3) The EBLSC hole rock stress calculation model was established, which concludes that the rock stress of the long axis direction of the hole’s surface is231times the short axis and14.4times the cylindrical explosive. The role of the shell was studied, which can significantly buffer peak voltage, protect the hole, augment the edge, and extend the crack. The pitch of EBLSC presplit blasting is calculated, which equals to24.3times the hole diameter and3.29times that of the conventional pre-splitting blasting.(4) The experimental study on the explosion effect of1/3EBLSC, the number of non-coupling measurement and the rock blasting stress test were carried out. Through the experiments, we obtained that the EBLSC technology has obvious directional fracture characteristics, and that the best non-coupling coefficient is3.63, and on the same distance, long axis direction of explosion stress is20.7times of short axis direction.(5) The research on the EBLSC explosive and action, and the numerical simulation or structural parameters has been carried out. It have been concluded systematically that the jet formation, movement, and mutilate damage phenomenon and law, and the influence of various factors among structure parameters, which was compared with the theoretical analysis and experimental research.(6) The application case on Jiangsu Liyang pumped storage power station rock excavation engineering adopted EBLSC pre-splitting blasting technology was expounded in detail. The assembly structure, main technical points, blasting test, blasting parameters, blasting effect and so on, about EBLSC technology, had been analyzed. Contrast test between EBLSC pre-splitting blasting and conventional cylindrical pre-splitting blasting was carried out, and good results were achieved.In this paper, the important reference of the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, experimental research and field application, etc, about EBLSC pre-splitting blasting technology is provided, which is conducive to the comprehensive popularization and application of this technology.更多还原