【作者】 王乐；

【导师】 姜玉梅；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 人口学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 社区矫正作为一种在社区中对罪犯执行刑罚的制裁措施,通过对社区矫正人口的更新帮助和监督控制,以期实现预防犯罪、减少犯罪、社会和谐、公共安全的愿望。社区矫正人口实质是在社区服刑的罪犯。受法律剥权、惩罚心理和重刑思想的叠加压力,他们虽然也生活在社区,却与普通大众之间存在着明显的异质性。与此同时,其在工作机会、劳动保护、社会救助与医疗保障等方面缺失社会支持的客观状态,也使该群体呈现出典型的弱质人口特征。因“木桶效应”可能在这一内含社会破坏力的特殊人口群体中率先催生出社会风险并进而危及社会稳定的严重隐患,不容忽视。在行刑社会化理念的影响下,随着我国刑罚体系引入社区矫正制度的日益强化和深入,社区矫正人口群体的绝对数量将呈现出继续增加的态势。而基于二元制人口结构、人口总量及占比份额,农村籍犯罪人因适用非监禁刑被纳入社区矫正而形成的农村社区矫正人口实际上是我国社区矫正人口总量中最主要的构成部分。并且,社区矫正人口的经济利益贫困性、生活质量低层次性和心理承受能力脆弱性也以农村社区矫正人口为甚。不应回避的是,农村社区矫正人口虽然仍是受到国家强制约束的对象,但基于实现社会普遍公正的人类共识,他们的基本生存权和发展权亦应受到国家和社会的关注、维护和支持。由于我国刑罚执行状况不易被调查的客观现实以及社区矫正人口的自卑、躲避心理,社区矫正人口在现实中相对难以接触,相关数据也难以准确获取和统计。因此,无论是法学界还是社会学界,既往关于社区矫正人口研究的文章不多,以社会网络分析方法对社区矫正人口开展的研究更是甚少,而全面、系统地对农村社区矫正人口社会支持进行的研究则几乎没有。这种状况与我国经济、法制、文明程度的现实发展状况是不相称的,加强这方面的研究是社会和谐发展的需要。本研究是以社会学的社会交换理论、社会资源理论、差序格局理论为基础,以成都市LQY区和PJ县农村社区矫正人口的社会支持为例,采用定量与定性相结合的方法开展的一次对我国西部农村社区矫正人口社会支持现状、影响因素及后果的实证研究。通过着力于对成都农村社区矫正人口社会支持网络形态、感知状况的调查问卷设计及分析,以实地深入农村社区矫正机构和矫正人口群体内部采集到的大量真实的一线数据为支撑,本研究运用文献研究方法、质性研究中的扎根理论方法、网络测量工具和分析方法,借助统计学计量技术,从以农村社区矫正对象为中心的社会支持网角度上,系统地描述和分析了成都农村社区矫正人口社会支持的客观状况,并在现有社会支持和社会网络研究的基础上,探讨了影响成都农村社区矫正人口社会支持的影响因素和后果,揭示了我国西部农村社区矫正人口目前的生存实况。本研究从社会支持视角深入认识到的农村社区矫正人口问题,为解决该问题提供了后续研究切入点,也将对进一步完善该人口群体的处遇政策,从人权保护的高度上创设符合我国国情的农村社区矫正人口社会支持制度产生参考价值。本研究共7章,包括四个部分。即,理论(第一、二章)、调查(第三章)、实证(第四、五、六章)、总结(第七章)。各章的主要研究内容如下：第一章导论。列明开展本次研究的背景、意义和研究方法；界定本次研究所涉的各项基本概念,并综合评述国内外相关文献；介绍本次研究的思路、分析框架和内容；提出本研究的创新点和不足之处。第二章农村社区矫正人口社会支持的理论框架。分别从社会交换、社会资源、差序格局和行刑社会化等社会学和法学理论上阐释开展本次研究的理论基础及其在研究过程中起到的工具作用。同时,基于质性调查数据,运用扎根理论方法从社会支持状况、影响因素、后果等三个不同的方面构建农村社区矫正人口社会支持的理论分析框架。第三章成都农村社区矫正人口社会支持研究设计。分别介绍本次研究就成都农村社区矫正人口社会支持状况实施实证研究的调查设计、方案设计的具体思路。第四章成都农村社区矫正人口社会支持现状实证分析。从成都农村社区矫正人口社会支持网的规模、构成和网络成员特征等几个不同侧面展开对现实社会支持的研究,并结合该人口群体感知社会支持的现状形成实证分析结论。第五章成都农村社区矫正人口社会支持影响因素实证研究。在参考既有理论的基础上,依据实时实地所作问卷调查采集到的大量一手数据,按照自行构建的分析框架,运用统计学分析技术,从个人因素、家庭因素等两个方面开展并形成成都农村社区矫正人口社会支持网影响因素的实证研究结论。第六章成都农村社区矫正人口社会支持后果实证研究。侧重于从社会支持后果的研究设计、社区矫正人口的心理状况评估以及影响社区矫正人口心理状况的因素分析等方面,对成都农村社区矫正人口社会支持后果展开实证研究并形成相应结论。第七章研究的结论与建议。在综合全文各章内容的基础之上,对整个研究的路径、方法以及各分项结论进行总结,归纳概括出本次研究的主要结论。同时,分析解构研究结论的成因,并就所获的研究启示提出相应建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Community correction, as a kind of penalty enforcement approach for offenders in the community, could achieve the purpose of crime prevention, crime reduction, social harmony and public security by means of supervising and updating help to the offenders in the community. The correction targets of community correction are the offenders who serves a sentence in community. Under the pressures of being deprived of rights by law, punishment psychology and heavy sentence thought, although they live in the community, they have obvious heterogeneity with the general public. At the same time, because of the lack of job opportunity, labor protection, social assistance, medical insurance and other social supports, the group shows the typical characteristics of the vulnerable people. Because of the concept of the cask effect, the special groups may have the hidden danger to threaten the social stability, which can not be ignored.With the influence of the socialization of penalty execution, when our country’s penalty system is deeply introduced into the community correction system, the correction targets will continues to increase. But based on the urban-rural dual structure, population gross and the proportion, the rural offenders are suitable for the non-custodial penalty, so they have been involved into the community correction and they are the most important components of the total correction targets. Moreover, the correction targets have more problems of economic poverty, low levels of life quality and vulnerable psychological enduring capacity. Although they are constrained by law, based on the universal and just human consensus, their basic right to survival and development should also be caught the attention of the state and society.Because the penal execution in our country is not easy to be investigated, and the psychological inferiority of correction targets, it is difficult to obtain the relevant statistics. Therefore, there are a few previous studies on correction targets in the field of law or sociology. The researches which use social network analysis method to study the correction targets are much less. There are few papers which study the social support for the correction targets of rural community correction comprehensively and systematically. This is disproportionate with the development status of economy, legal system and civilization in China. Strengthening the relevant research in this field is to meet the need of the harmonious development of society.This study is based on social exchange theory, social resources theory, and preface-structure theory. Taking the social support network of LQY district and PJ County in Chengdu city as an example. The paper combines qualitative and quantitative method to do an empirical study to investigate social support status quo, influencing factors and consequences of the correction targets in the western rural communities in China.Based on in-depth data design which collected from the questionnaire designed for the correction targets of rural community correction, the paper analyzes the influence factors, network form, and perception of social support for the correction targets of rural community correction in Chengdu. By means of the literature research, grounded theory, network measurement tools and statistics measurement technology, the research systematically describes and analyzes the objective situation of social support for the correction targets of rural community correction in Chengdu. On the basis of the existing social support and social network research, the paper discusses the influence factors and consequence of social support for the correction targets of rural community correction in Chengdu, reveals the present living condition of the correction targets of rural community correction in the western China.The study goes deep into the problems of the correction targets of rural community correction from the perspective of social support, provides the breakthrough point to follow-up research to solve this problem. It has important reference value to improve policy and establish the social security system for the correction targets of rural community correction.This study contains seven chapters, including four parts:first two chapters introduce the theory, the third chapter describes the empirical investigation, the fourth, fifth and sixth chapters makes example analysis, the last chapter makes summary. The main contents of each chapter are as follows:The first chapter is the introduction. This part lists the development background, significance and research method of this study, defines the basic concepts of this study and makes general survey of related references at home and abroad which contributed to this research, introduces ideas, framework and content of the research, points to the innovation and inadequacy.The second chapter explains the theory frame of social support for the correction targets of rural community correction. It states the theoretical basis and its function from the point of social exchange, social resources, preface-structure and the socialization of penal execution. At the same time, based on qualitative data, it constructs the frame of theory analysis of social support for the correction targets of rural community correction from the social support status, influencing factors and consequences.The third chapter expounds the design of the social support for the correction targets of rural community correction in Chengdu, introduces the specific ideas of survey design, and the implementation of the scheme design.The fourth chapter makes empirical analysis of the social support for the correction targets of rural community correction in Chengdu. Based on the two dimensions:the realistic social support and perceived social support, the paper makes the conclusion of the social support for the correction targets of rural community correction in Chengdu from the scale, formation and the characteristics of network members.The fifth chapter researches the influence factors of social support in reference to both theoretical basis, first-hand data collected from the questionnaires. In accordance with the analysis framework self-constructed, by using the statistical analysis technology, the study develops and forms conclusions of empirical study on the influence factors of social support for the correction targets of rural community correction in Chengdu from two aspects of personal factors, family factors.The sixth chapter places extra emphasis on empirical study’s consequences of social support for the correction targets of rural community correction in Chengdu, assesses the psychological status of the correction targets, analyzes the factors affecting psychological status, and makes the relevant conclusions.The seventh part makes conclusion and gives suggestions. On the basis of full comprehension of each chapter, the paper summarizes the path, method and conclusion, generalizes the main conclusions of this study, analyzes and deconstructs the causes of the study conclusion, and puts forward suggestions for the further study.更多还原