新农村建设中新型农民培育问题研究

【作者】 宫敏燕；

【导师】 门忠民；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 社会主义新农村建设作为一项重大而紧迫的战略任务,是党中央、国务院按照科学发展观的要求,以社会主义现代化全局为背景而做出的与时俱进的历史性抉择。新农村建设既包括农村经济社会发展,也包括农民素质的提高,培育新型农民是建设社会主义新农村的题中之义和根本要求。本文以马克思主义为指导,从新农村建设和新型农民培育的理论出发,分析了新农村建设中农民基本素质的现状及成因,以此为基础,全面论述了培育新型农民的主要内容和路径选择。全文包括导论、五章正文和结束语。摘要如下：导论阐述了选题的缘由、本课题研究的理论意义和现实意义、国内外的研究现状、研究思路和方法以及本研究的创新与不足。第一章概述了新农村建设与新型农民培育的一般理论。新农村建设提出的背景、基本内容、特点和意义；新农村建设对农民提出的基本要求,新型农民应具备的基本素质,加强对农民教育的理论根据和重要意义。第二章分析了新农村建设中农民基本素质的现状。随着社会的发展,农民的素质状况发生了很大的变化,从总体看农民的知识水平、劳动能力及精神境界等都有了很大的提高。主要表现为：市场经济意识不断增强、民主法制观念逐步确立、崇尚科学之风正在形成、思想道德素质明显提升。但是农民基本素质方面也存在着不容忽视的问题。主要表现在：封建迷信沉渣泛起、宗教观念浓厚、集体意识淡漠、政治理性精神不足、组织合作意识较低、消费观念畸形等。第三章分析了新农村建设中农民基本素质存在问题的成因。首先是历史的原因。其中包括传统自足自给的自然经济的制约,封建专制制度以及思想的影响。其次是现实的原因。其中包括城乡二元体制的制约,农民阶层分化的影响以及农民受教育程度偏低的影响。最后是组织领导方面的原因。主要包括基层党政领导重视不够、农民教育队伍素质参差不齐、农民教育资金投入不足、社会舆论导向欠缺等。第四章分析了新农村建设中培育新型农民的主要内容。在新农村建设背景下,培育新型农民的主要内容是根据社会发展的要求以及农民的思想实际而确定的,并随着农村生活实际的变化而更新和丰富。其内容主要有：学习科学文化知识、树立现代思想观念、健全心理素质、增强民主法制意识、提高道德品质境界、坚持社会主义核心价值体系教育等。第五章探讨了新农村建设中培育新型农民的路径选择。首先,培育新型农民要坚持正确的指导原则,即坚持以农民为本原则、“三贴近”原则、层次性原则。其次,创新农民教育的思维方式,主要包括求实性思维、整合性思维、发展性思维以及创新性思维。再次,要有科学的工作机制,坚持农民教育与农民自我教育相结合、物质利益与精神鼓励相结合、公共文化服务体系建设与农民文化创新相结合、理论宣传与民主管理制度相结合、尊重历史传统与借鉴国外经验相结合等。最后,培育新型新型农民还要有合理的制度安排和得力的政策措施,包括推动公共财政投资向农村倾斜、废除城乡二元户籍管理模式、明确政府职能,从“全能型”政府向“有限型”政府角色转换等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The construction of new socialist countryside, as a great and urgent strategy task, is a historical choice made by the Party Central Committee and the State Council in accordance with the outlook of scientific development, based on the overall situation of socialist modernization. It includes both the rural economic and social development and the improvement of the quality of the farmers, and cultivating new farmers is its essence and basic requirements.Taking Marxism as the guidance, this paper, based on the theory of new rural construction and cultivation of new farmers, analyses the current situation and causes of farmer’s basic quality. And on this basis, comprehensive expositions of the main content and basic methods on the cultivation of new farmers have been made. The full thesis includes introduction, five chapters and conclusion. The summary is as follows:Introduction expounds the reasons for writing, the research significance in theory and reality, the current research situation, the research ideas and methods, as well as the research creativity and limitations.The first chapter outlines the general theory of the new rural construction and the cultivation of new farmers. Such as, new rural construction’s background, basic contents, characteristics and significance, the basic requirements for farmers, the basic quality for new farmers as well as the theoretical basis and significance in strengthening education.The second chapter analyzes the current situation of farmers’basic quality in new rural construction. With the development of society, a great change has taken place in farmers’ quality. From overall look the farmer’s intellectual level, labor ability and mental state have greatly improved. The main performance is:the increasing market economy consciousness, the gradually established concept of democracy and legal system, the being formed habit of advocating science, and the significantly improved ideological and moral quality. But there exist the problems that can not be ignored in the farmer’s quality. Such as, the arising of the feudal superstition, the strong religious ideas, the weak collective consciousness, the lack of political and rational spirit, the low consciousness in organization and cooperation, and the deformed consumptive idea.The third chapter analyses the reasons why there exist problems in farmers’ quality. First of all, the historical reason includes the influence of the traditional self-sufficient natural economy and the influence of the feudal autocratic system and thought. The second is the real reason, which includes the restriction of two-element (urban and rural) system, the influence of the farmer’s social stratum differentiation and the influence of the farmers’ low education level. The last is the organizational leadership, which includes:the grass-roots party and government leaders haven’t given enough attention; there are differences in the quality of ideological and political education team; the capital investment in ideological and political education is insufficient; the guidance of public opinion is not correct, etc.The fourth chapter analyzes the main content of ideological and political education in the new rural construction. Under the background of new countryside construction, the content of farmers’ ideological and political education is determined according to the requirements of social development and farmers’ ideological reality, and it will be changed, updated and enriched with the rural actual changes. Its main content includes: the socialist core value system education, democracy and law awareness education, moral education, mental health education, modern ideology education.The fifth chapter discusses the ways of cultivating new farmers in the new rural construction. Firstly, cultivating new farmers must adhere to the correct principles, such as the philosophy of farmer,"three closes" principle and gradation principle. Secondly, cultivating new farmers should persist in the innovation of mode of thinking, including realistic thinking, integrated thinking, development thinking and creative thinking. Thirdly, cultivating new farmers needs scientific work mechanism and insists on the following combination, such as, farmer education and farmer ego education, material interests and spiritual encouragement, the construction of public cultural service system and the integration of cultural innovation, theoretical propaganda and democratic management system, respecting the tradition and drawing lessons from foreign experience. Finally, cultivating new model farmers also needs a reasonable system arrangement and effective policies and measures, including promoting public finance investment to the countryside, abolishing two-element household management mode in urban and rural areas, perfecting government function.更多还原