商周青铜簋整理与研究

【作者】 任雪莉；

【导师】 张懋镕；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 考古及博物馆学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 青铜簋作为粢盛器,具有出土数量多、地域广、延续时间长、形制多样等特点,在商周青铜礼器中占据重要地位。本文主要运用考古类型学和艺术史风格分析的理论和方法,收集了三千余件青铜簋,从型式划分、年代推定、区域研究、谱系研究、器用制度等十个方面对青铜簋进行全面梳理和综合研究。绪论部分主要介绍青铜簋研究的学术简史。从宋代学者对铜簋的著录开始,到清代学者对于铜簋名称的相关讨论,直到民国时期,学界才最终对簋的定名、功能等达成统一认识。上世纪八十年,一些学者陆续展开了对青铜簋的研究,并取得了重大进展。近年来更是有诸多学者在铜簋铭文考释、铸造、器用制度等方面进行研究,凡专文研究铜簋的,本文都尽量收录,并予以评述。一、青铜簋的起源、名称及功用。本章从新石器时代的陶簋入手,寻找青铜簋的起源。并且对铜簋铭文中的自名现象进行了分析,简要讨论各名称的含义。另外还对“三礼”中出现的用簋情况进行了梳理,结合考古发现,对铜簋的功用提出了新的看法。二、青铜簋的型式分析。运用考古类型学的方法,将青铜簋分为圈足、方座和附足三类。按照器腹的特点分为碗钵形、盆盂形、罐形和豆形四个大型,最后按照无耳、环耳、附耳、兽首衔环耳等耳型的不同细分为四个小型,并对各类型式的形制特点进行描述。三、青铜簋的分期与年代推断。本章根据各期段特点将中原地区出土的铜簋划分为五期五段,时间主要从商代晚期至春秋晚期。四、青铜簋区域特色。本章分四个区块讨论青铜簋区域发展的脉络和特点。四个区块分别是以晋陕豫为核心的中原地区；以京津、河北为主,兼顾内蒙东部和辽宁西部的北方地区；以湖北为核心的汉水流域和江苏、安徽为主的东南地区。五、青铜簋的谱系研究。主要讨论圈足簋、方座簋及附足簋的发展与分布规律。由于簋的数量庞大,型式繁杂,因此本章选取罐形圈足簋、东周方座簋、附足簋及明器簋四个专题重点讨论。六、青铜簋器用制度。本章主要通过对各期墓葬出土铜簋的数量变化,铜簋组合及列簋的出现与发展,簋与墓葬等级之间的关系,簋与鼎的关系四个方面的考量,讨论青铜簋的器用制度。七、青铜簋环耳的艺术观察。本章运用了艺术史风格分析的方法,对各期段铜簋环耳装饰母题的变化进行了梳理和总结,不仅有助于铜器年代的判定,而且有助于对铜簋纹饰的理解和准确描述。八、青铜簋纹饰研究。本章主要讨论各期段铜簋装饰的特点,重点在于铜簋纹饰变化与形制之间的关系。九、特特殊形制的铜簋研究。特殊形制的铜簋包括几种情况,即形制罕见,数量稀少,未列入基本型式,如方簋等。其次是形制特殊的孤品铜簋,其定名、用途经考察不属于簋类。另外,还有一些改制铜簋,虽然数量稀少,却是难得的标本。结论部分对青铜簋的发展脉络和特点以及背后所涉及的社会政治历史背景进行总结。更多还原

【Abstract】 As food container, bronze Gui has unearthed in quantity, wide ares, long duration, variety shapes and other characteristics. Bronze Gui occupies an important position in the bronze ritual vessels. This paper collects more than3,000pieces of Gui and uses the theory of archaeological and history of art to analysis. This paper is about comprehensive analysis and research of Bronze Gui. It can be divided into ten parts, for example analyzing and dating objects, regional research, pedigree study, device system.Content:this part is the academic history of research. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the science can reach a consensus of naming and function. The last century eighty years, some scholars have launched the research on bronze Gui and made significant progress.The first part:the origin, name and function. This chapter from the Neolithic pottery to start,try to find the origin of the bronze Gui. Analyze the inscription self phenomenon and discuss the meaning of the name briefly. We tease the usage of Gui in ancient literature. According to the new archaeological discovery, we put forward a new view in the function of bronze Gui.The second part:analyzing the shape. The chapter uses the theory of archaeological to classify three main types, ring foot, the square base foot and supporting foot. Bronze Gui has also different ear handles. We describe the shape features of each types.The third part:dating objects and discussion of the relics’age. This chapter is about the characters and period of each stage.The forth part:regional research. The chapter mainly discusses the development and characters of each area, according to four sections, the Central Plains area, the Northern region, the Southeast area and Hanjiang River Basin.The Fifth part:pedigree study. The chapter mainly discusses the the development and characters of ring foot Gui, the square Base foot Gui and supporting foot Gui. Because of the complex of shape and large quantities, we choose four subjects jar shape and ring foot Gui, the square base Gui in Eastern Zhou Dynasty, supporting foot Gui and the funerary Gui to discuss.The sixth part:device system. According to the changes in the number of unearthed Gui each period, the appearing and development of complete sets, the relationship between Gui and tomb grades, the relationship between Ding and Gui four sections, we mainly discuss the ritual system.The seventh part:art observation. The chapter uses the theory of art history to study the ear handles decorative motif each period. This research can help to understand the meaning of the patterns.The eighth part:patterns research. This chapter mainly discuss the characters and decorative styles of each period.The ninth part:research of special shapes Gui. Expect of common bronze Gui, there are still many special shapes, for example square Gui, reform Gui etc.In the end, Gui plays a very important role in the development of the ritual bronze vessels.更多还原