【作者】 陈可猛；

【导师】 郑永福；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 《妇女之路》是抗日战争和解放战争时期中国共产党在国民党统治区公开出版发行的唯一党报——《新华日报》的副刊之一，也是这一时期专门探讨和寻求实现国统区妇女解放道路的妇女报刊。《妇女之路》共出版149期，597篇各类文章，以通俗生动、朴实无华的语言吹响了国统区妇女在民族民主革命运动中不断解放的号角。对《新华日报》副刊《妇女之路》进行深入研究，了解其诞生背景、分析其业务实践、梳理其主要内容、总结其基本特点，有积极的学术意义。《妇女之路》的诞生有深刻背景。抗战爆发后，在敌后战场，中国共产党领导华北、华中、华南广大军民英勇对日斗争；在正面战场，国民党当局积极组织战略防御；在沦陷区，民众掀起了一定规模的抗日斗争。总之，不管是在根据地、国统区还是沦陷区，抗日救亡怒潮此起彼伏。这一时期，各根据地普遍建立了多种妇女组织，妇女思想文化素质有很大提高，妇女积极开展拥军支前活动，妇女运动如火如荼。在国统区，新生活运动妇女指导委员会进行改组，中共南方局妇女运动委员会成立，国统区各界妇女宪政运动以及各地妇女解放运动势头迅猛，妇女运动空前活跃。在沦陷区，上海“孤岛”妇女进行不屈斗争，其它沦陷区妇女也在进行顽强抗争，妇女运动迎难而上。抗战爆发前后，中国共产党、国民党当局以及各民主党派和社会团体领导的妇女报刊空前兴盛。同时，“妇女回家”、“贤妻良母”主义沉渣泛起，各派政治力量围绕这一话题在报刊上激烈论争。《妇女之路》的业务实践丰富而又成熟。从指导思想上看，《妇女之路》的指导思想服务并服从于党的路线、方针、政策，在抗战时期、战后初期及解放战争时期有细微调整和变化。从作者群体上看，《妇女之路》的作者群体有中共领导人、中共南方局妇委领导人以及《新华日报》社社内同仁、《新华日报》社社外贤达之分。从文章体裁上看，《妇女之路》的文章可分为诗歌、小说、小品文、报告文学、书评等文学作品类，音乐、书法等艺术作品类，问答、小知识等生活作品类。从编辑艺术上看，《妇女之路》的编辑尽职尽责且有很高的政治修养、业务修养和社会活动能力，对稿件的选择和组稿有严格要求，对版面的编排和美化独具匠心。《妇女之路》的内容全面而深刻。从明确妇女运动的重要地位、阐释妇女运动的先决条件、指明妇女运动的主体力量、强调妇女运动的领导力量、介绍妇女运动的组织形式五个方面传达党对国统区妇女运动的指示；从解放区妇女拥军支前、参政议政、生产劳动、家庭生活四个方面宣传解放区妇女的真实图景；从政治权利缺失、经济地位低下、家庭生活凄惨三方面揭露国统区妇女的悲惨生活；从妇女解放理论、妇女典型事迹两方面介绍国外妇女的生活和斗争；从恋爱、婚姻、家庭三方面介绍中国共产党倡导的现代恋爱婚姻家庭观。《妇女之路》的基本特色突出而鲜明。其文化性表现为关注妇女解放运动的新思潮、指导国统区妇女的文化生活；其艺术性表现为思想境界的重构性、语言境界的审美性、体裁表现的多元性；其知识性表现为注重关注日常生活常识和职业卫生知识；其科学性表现为传播自然科学、社会科学和科学理念。更多还原

【Abstract】 ’Women’s Road’ was a Sino-Japanese War and the Communist Party of Chinaliberation war party newspaper published in the Kuomintang areas–as a supplementof ’Xinhua Daily’. Newspapers in this period of time were also dedicated toexploring and seeking to achieve national reunification. During the Anti-JapaneseWar and the War of Liberation,’Women’s Road’ was published in149issues, with atotal of597various articles. Using popular and vivid, unpretentious language,“Women of the Road’ sounded the call of women to the national democraticrevolutionary movement in Kuomintang-controlled areas.’Xinhua Daily’ conductedan in-depth study of ’Women of the Road’ to understand the background of its birthand analyze its business practices by combing its main content and summarizing itsbasic characteristics in a significant academic achievement.The birth of ’Women’s Road’ has a profound background. After the outbreak ofwar, there were three zones of conflict with Japanese forces in the northern, centraland southern parts of China. In the front lines of the battlefield, the Kuomintangauthorities actively organized strategic defense. In the occupied areas, the peopleunder the leadership of the Communist Party of China launched a massiveanti-Japanese struggle. In short, whether in the base of the National Unification areaor occupied areas, the anti-Japanese outrage was encouraged and broke out. Duringthis period, a variety of women’s organizations were established, and the ideology andcultural quality of women greatly improved. Women actively supported militaryfrontline activities. In full swing, the women’s movement ruled areas in the country,through organizations such as the New Life Movement Steering Committee forWomen’s reorganization, CCP Southern Bureau of Women’s Campaign Committee,and the National Unification District Federation of Women’s constitutional movement.The momentum of the women’s liberation movement became more active than ever.In the occupied areas around Shanghai ’isolated island’ women struggled unyieldingly.Women also carried out a tenacious struggle in other occupied areas. Before and afterthe outbreak of war, the Communist Party of China, the Kuomintang authorities and women leaders of democratic parties and social organizations led the press for anunprecedented flourishing of women. At the same time, sentiments that womenshould ‘stay at home’ and ‘be understanding wives and mothers’ became topics ofintense debate in the press.Business practices of ’Women’s Road’ employed different forms. From theguiding ideology aspect,“the guiding ideology of‘Women’s Road’service is subjectto the policies of the party, and in the Anti Japanese War period, the guiding ideologyof the early postwar period and the liberation was period had fine adjustments andchanges. From the perspective of women groups,’Women’s Road’ authors wereleaders of the Communist Party of China, leaders of the Southern Bureau of the CPCleaders and the Women’s Commission, as well as ’Xinhua Daily’ social clubcolleagues, and ’Xinhua Daily’ community leaders of society outside of the points.From the article genre perspective,’Women’s Road’ articles can be divided into poetry,novels, essays, reportage, book reviews and other literary works category, music,calligraphy and other works of art classes, quizzes, tips and tricks, commentary andother life works category. From the artistic perspective,’Women’s Road’ was editedwith a high level of due diligence. Editors had high political training, businesstraining and social activities. Manuscript selection and soliciting contributions hadstrict requirements on the layout arrangement and landscaping originality.The content of ‘Women’s Road’ was comprehensive and profound. Mainperformance for: clear movement of important status, and illustrates movement ofprerequisites, and specified movement of main power, and stressed movement of ledpower, and introduced movement of organization five a aspects conveyed party onKuomintang movement of indicates; before liberated areas women support the troops,and liberated areas women participate in, and liberated areas women production labor,and liberated areas women family life four a aspects publicity liberated areas womenof real picture; from political missing, and economic status low, and Miserable familylife revealed in KMT-ruled area the misery of women in three areas; both fromWomen’s Liberation theory and women’s classic story describes the struggle ofwomen living abroad; three-ways of the Chinese Communist Party from falling inlove, marriage, family advocate for modern love and marriage of family values. The basic characteristics of ’Women’s Road’ are outstanding and distinctive. Itscultural manifestations focus attention on the new trend of Women’s Liberationmovement, guiding the cultural life of the country ruled areas of women; its artisticmanifestations of remodeling ideas, linguistic pluralism of aesthetics, genre; itsintellectual focus on concern for the everyday life of common sense and knowledgeof occupational health; and the scientific dissemination of natural, social andscientific ideas.更多还原