【作者】 韩珩；

【导师】 王世杰； 吕晓仁；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳工业大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 螺杆泵采油技术作为一种新型的采油方式，同其他采油方式相比具有独特的优点，尤其适合应用于原油粘度比较高、含砂和含气量较大的油井，具有同比采油量能耗低、结构简单、占地面积小、采油效率高等特点，在国内外得到广泛应用且呈明显上升趋势。油田井下工况极端复杂，恶劣的工作环境使得螺杆泵橡胶定子磨损严重，使用寿命相比其他关键部件较短。因此橡胶定子性能的提高是延长螺杆泵使用寿命的关键技术之一。目前常用的定子材料为丁腈橡胶（NBR），由丁二烯和丙烯腈经乳液共聚而成，具有优良的耐磨、耐油、耐热和耐腐蚀性，而且价格便宜。目前国内较多油田已进入三次采油阶段，开采原油的难度不断加大，传统的丁腈橡胶材料难以满足生产需要，迫切需要开发新的橡胶定子材料或者对传统丁腈橡胶材料进行改性以提高其性能。很多情况下，橡胶材料是通过其表面来参与工作的，橡胶的磨损和腐蚀也都是先从表面发生，提高橡胶表面性能而不整体改善材质，可显著节约成本，提高经济效益。橡胶表面改性是在不改变橡胶基材性质的基础上通过改变橡胶的表面性质来提高某些特定的性能。本文以提高丁腈橡胶耐磨、耐油性能为目的，采用卤化（氟化、溴化、碘化）、磺化、混合氧化法对丁腈橡胶表面进行改性，设计了相关改性配方，研制了橡胶表面氟化改性实验装置。通过大量试验系统地研究了各改性剂成分的种类和用量以及改性时间对丁腈橡胶表面形貌、硬度、力学等性能的影响。通过对改性试样进行各种工况下的摩擦磨损和原油溶胀试验，研究橡胶表面性能与耐磨、耐油性能之间的关系，以及载荷、转速、工作介质、温度等因素对橡胶摩擦性能的影响。借助现代测试技术分析了丁腈橡胶改性前后表面的能谱和红外光谱，探究改性丁腈橡胶减摩、降磨的作用机理，以及发生在表面改性、摩擦磨损过程中的摩擦化学反应及其对橡胶摩擦行为的影响，探索丁腈橡胶材料在各种实际工况中的摩擦磨损机制，为开发性能优良的丁腈橡胶材料提供实验数据和理论基础。为了综合评价改性方法的好坏，构建了丁腈橡胶表面改性方法评价体系，利用此评价体系进行了不同改性方法之间横向比较和同一种改性方法不同配比之间纵向比较，客观、科学地反应丁腈橡胶各种表面改性方法的改性效果及其适用范围，使其在生产中针对不同的工况得到具体切实的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Progressing cavity pump (PCP) technology as a new way of oil, compared with otherextraction methods has unique advantages, especially suitable for the oil well of productionhigh viscosity oil, high sand content and high gas content, with low energy consumption,simple structure, high efficiency energy saving, small floor area and so on, widely used athome and abroad and shows the clear upward trend. Conditions of downhole are extremelycomplex, poor working conditions caused the rubber stator badly worn, shorter lifecompared to other key components. Therefore, improving the performance of the rubberstator is one of the key technologies to extend the life of the screw.The most common stator material is nitrile rubber (NBR) currently, copolymer formedby butadiene and acrylonitrile emulsion with excellent abrasion resistance, oil resistance,heat and corrosion resistance, and cheap. At present, more oil fields in our country haveentered into the tertiary oil recovery stage and oil exploration is becoming difficult.Traditional nitrile rubber material is difficult to meet production needs. it urgent need todevelop new rubber material of the stator or modify traditional nitrile rubber material toimprove its performance. In many cases, the rubber material through its surface to participatein the work, and wear and corrosion of the rubber are also start occurs from surface. Improvesurface performance without an overall improvement in the rubber material can significantlyreduce costs and improve economic efficiency.Rubber surface modification improve thecertain performance by changing the surface properties of the rubber on the basis of withoutchanging the nature of the rubber base material.The current study aims at improving the anti-wearing and oil resistant properties ofNBR. Three different halogenation methods (fluorination, bromination and iodations),sulfonation, mixture oxidation, were applied to modify the NBR surface respectively.Related modified formula is designed, and a rubber surface Fluoride-modified experimentaldevice is developed. Through extensive testing systematically study the influence of thevariety and dosage of modifier composition and modification time on the performance ofnitrile rubber, such as surface morphology, hardness, mechanical, etc.Through the frictionand wear and crude oil swelling test on the modified specimen under various conditions to study the relationship between the surface properties and wear resistance, oil resistance ofrubber, and the effects of load, speed, working medium, temperature and other factors on thefriction and wear properties of rubber. With modern testing technology analyze the spectraand infrared spectra of the surface of nitrile rubber before and after the modification, explorefriction, wear reduction mechanism of modified nitrile rubber, and friction chemical reactionoccur in surface modification, friction and wear processes and its impact on the behavior ofthe rubber friction, explore the mechanisms of friction and wear in a variety of real-worldconditions, providing experimental data and theoretical basis for the development of thenitrile rubber material with excellent performance.In order to comprehensively evaluate the quality of modification methods, weconstructed a nitrile rubber surface modification method evaluation system.With thisevaluation system for horizontal comparison between different modification methods andlongitudinal comparison between different proportions with a modified method, objectivelyand scientifically response modification effect of various Nitrile rubber surface modificationmethods and its Scope, make it get concrete and practical applications for different operatingconditions in the production.更多还原