走向集权的物质文化之路

【作者】 宗椿理；

【导师】 李立新；

【作者基本信息】 南京艺术学院 ， 设计艺术学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 “秦”是个古老而极富传奇色彩的部族，同时亦是个饱经苦难与风霜，在剑戟与硝烟中浴血而生的伟大氏族。它源起于东夷族群，立国于陇东之谷，盛起于关中沃野，用铜戟铁锤建立起了中国历史上第一个封建的集权帝国。虽从立国至覆灭仅有区区数载，但就在这短暂的十五年中却融汇了漫长物质文化播种后所结出的丰硕果实，更多呈现出的是中华民族极具创造力的文化性格。秦人在刚毅坚卓的进取精神驱动下所流露出的开放、包容的价值体系，造就了秦代多元融合的设计艺术特征。值此，多元、体系、标准、规模也就成了今后数代物质文化发展历程中的框架与标杆，同时也为汉王朝的建立与内部一统的民族文化定型提供了历史与文化的蓝本。论文通过对有关“秦文化”文本材料的深入解读以及古籍文献的分类、浏览、梳理与精读，逐步将其变为研究过程中所需用的文献实证，从而建立起了秦代物质文化研究的理论基石。通过对大量由考古发掘工作所获知的有关秦人社会生活中的实物遗存与凭借一定范围之内的田野考察而探寻的秦代古迹留存的收录与整理，为秦代物质文化的研究提供了详实而有力的实物论据。在对秦代设计艺术的多元融合进行阐述与论证的同时，文章尤为注重文献的出处与价值的发现，力求将具体的历史背景融入进相应的文献列举中。与此同时，又通过大量的考古材料与历史文献的相互印证来逐层构架起由生活与礼俗，农耕与征战，市场与经济为柱础的这座桥梁，并在此基础之上阐明了物质文化研究中造物与用物的重要环节。从物质文化入手来探讨多元的秦代设计艺术是该文的创新与拓展，论文力图澄清在集权帝国的法制框架下物质文化的单一、严酷与秦人唯战是从的贪狠强力，着力对已有物质文化研究成果的某种局限性进行再探讨，进而将理论研究的重点落脚于物质文化塑造人的方式，关注人们社会生活中的造物与用物的交互发展模式以及工艺技术的提升和在实践中的效能发挥，同时将视域扩展至人们生活中的礼祭与习俗的多元交织；功利主义价值观下的多种文化元素的吸收与包容；手工业的多元演进形态；商品市肆交易中的多层次结构形式以及多元的衣食住行与生活器用的方方面面。论文最后总结了秦人在走向集权的物质文化之路中所体现出的多元设计艺术表征以及造物单元个体间的点滴融合，印证了在多元融合理念的设计艺术研究背后离不开浩繁的历史文献涉猎以及物质文化的拨冗寻迹，并藉此提出了在繁复的信息检索与文献梳理的过程中所获知的物质文化与设计艺术之间存在着一条价值的纽带，唯有对它的深入探寻才能使设计史的述说更加富有情感与生命。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Qin" is an ancient and legendary tribe, is also suffering with a weathered, sword, halberdand the great clan and bathed in the smoke. It originated from Dongyi group, founded in theValley of East Gansu, Sung in Guanzhong crops with bronze halberd hammer established China’sfirst feudal authoritarian Empire. From founding to collapse only a few years, but in this shortcombines long material culture in the fifteen years after planting to bear great fruit, more presentsare great cultural characteristics of the Chinese nation. Driven by the Qin people in strongenterprising spirit of openness and tolerance value system, the design art has created a diverse andintegration characteristics. On this occasion, pluralism, system, standard, size becomes aframework for future generations of material culture in the development and benchmarking, butalso for the establishment of the Han Dynasty and the internal unity of ethnic stereotypingprovides a history and culture of the blueprint. Dissertation on the "culture of Qin" in-depthinterpretation of the text material and the classification of ancient books, browsing, sorting out andintensive reading, gradually turn into a research process required documentation evidence, whichestablished the Qin Dynasty theoretical foundation of material culture studies. Archaeologicalexcavations of a large number of learned about physical remains of people social life by virtue of acertain range of field trips and explore the monuments retain the collection and arrangement of theQin Dynasty, for the study of the material culture of the Qin Dynasty produce accurate and strongarguments. Describes the diversity and integration of design art and argument of the Qin Dynasty,at the same time the articles are particularly focused on the origin and value of the literature foundthat seeks to specifically fit into the corresponding documents listed in the historical background.Meanwhile, through a large number of historical documents and archeological materials of mutualsupport layer-by-layer architecture and customs, farming the future market and economy as thepillar stone base of the bridge, and clarified the substance on the basis of cultural creations in thestudy and use of important links. From material culture start to discussion design art of diversity isthe text of innovation and expansion, Thesis sought to clarify at totalitarian empire under legalframework material culture of single, harsh and people only war is from of corruption hard strong,investing on has material culture research results of a species limitations for again discussion,Theoretical study focused on shaping the way people settled in the material culture, concernpeople social life in the of creations and with property of interactive development mode andtechnology of upgrade and in practice in the of effectiveness played, and will extend theperspective of ritual sacrifice in people’s lives and practices of multiple interwoven; Under theutilitarian values of absorption and tolerance of diverse cultural elements; Craft patterns ofevolution of diversity; Product hierarchy in market transactions as well as used clothing and lifediversity aspects. Thesis finally summarizes the material culture of Qin people towards centralizedway reflects the diverse design art in characterization of unit as well as the creation of fusionbetween individuals, confirms has in diversity and integration concept of design art researchbehind is inseparable from voluminous of history literature dabbled in and material culture oftaking found traces, and to put forward in the heavy and complicated process of informationretrieval and combed the literature of learned material and cultural bonds between the value of thedesign, but it tells the history of the design should explore more full of emotion and life.更多还原