【作者】 王利月；

【导师】 陈剩勇；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 政治学理论， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 县是国家政权的基石。我国的县级政权是一个全能政权体系,承担的职能多、责任重,但财力有限,权责不对称现象长期存在,严重制约了县域经济社会的发展和地方治理,重构县政是未来我国政权体系改革的重要内容之一。本文以浙江省义乌市为例,从历史制度主义的理论视角出发,研究义乌在扩权改革前、扩权改革期间和国际贸易综合改革试点期间的经济、社会管理体制和干部管理体制的变革及其对促进县域发展和地方治理的积极作用。研究发现,制度情境以及地方政权的行为塑造、改变地方政权的偏好,推动制度的变革；政治体制的稳定性、资源的稀缺性和获取机会的不均等性以及注意力的有限性都制约县政的变革,而时机和制度间隙却为县政的变革提供了机会；在制度约束与激励下,县政变革沿着渐进制度变革与间断均衡两个途径交叉进行,制度激励结构的反馈程度和外部压力方向的差异,决定了制度不是中立的,其变迁也没有最终的、清晰的、连贯的目的；资源、自主性与机会,调节和增强了中央与地方、省与市县之间体制的弹性。然而,权力对资源依赖程度的提高,以及职责同构的全能型制度结构,限制了县政重构与地方治理。为此,县政重构应该以县政自治、建立有限责任政府、推动县域发展和县域社会治理为目标；在地方政权设计原则上,县级以上政权按行政区划原则建立,县及其以下政权按功能原则建立；多种改革模式并存,重新划分省市县政权的职能界限,重新配置地方政权的权力,重新设计县级政权制度,加强服务功能；通过强县升格为市,市县分等、分治,乡镇自治,提高县级人大的政治地位,改革司法制度等,重构县级政权体系；完善和健全地方公共财政体制,提高县级政权的财政能力,改进和优化地方治理。更多还原

【Abstract】 County is the cornerstone of state. Nowadays, county regime bears much affairs, limited financial resources, much responsibilities, these adverse conditions have restricted the county’s economic and social development and local governance, so it is an important aspect to reform and renovate county government. This dissertation, as a case study of, Yiwu City, researches institutions changes of economic management, population management system and personnel management since1978, from the theoretical perspective of historical institutionalism, in order to promote county development and local governance.The study finds that the institutional situation and the behavior of local governments shape and change the preferences of local governments, behavior and preference of the local government promote regime change; and that the stability of the government management system, resource scarcity and unequal access to opportunities for resource arid the limited attention constraint county government innovation, but the timing and institutional gap provide an opportunity for institutional reform; and that county government reform adopts progressive institutional change and punctuated equilibrium, institutional incentive structures and external pressures determine deneutral system change; and that resources, autonomy and the opportunity to adjust and enhance the flexibility of the system.However, the improvement of resource dependence, and versatile structure of isomorphic responsibility limit the innovation and governance of the county government, thereby, reform of county government should be based on the autonomy and limited responsible government to promote the development and governance of county; design principles of the local regime is administrative divisions above the county, and function in and below county. There should be coexistence of a variety of reform model, such as redrawing the boundaries of functions among provinces, prefecture and county, reconfiguring the power of the county regime, redesigning the system of county government, strengthening the service function of county government, upgrading strong county into city, classifying and dividing between prefecture and county, letting township autonomy, improving the political status of county people’s congresses, reforming the judicial system, optimizing public finance system to improve the fiscal capacity of county governments for local governance.更多还原