【作者】 高树昱；

【导师】 邹晓东；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 创业时代呼唤创业型工程科技人才。党的十八大报告中提出：“深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略”、“促进创业带动就业、提升劳动者就业创业能力”。随着工程技术和现代商业的日益结合,为了把更多的新知识、新技术在市场上得以兑现,培养出具有创业能力的工程科技人才就显得尤为迫切了。然而,学术界关于工程科技人才创业能力培养方面的研究尚不多见。因此,面对时代的挑战,如何培养出具有创业能力的工程科技人才,已成为国家教育政策和高等工程教育必须认真思考的战略问题。基于此背景,本文将工程科技人才的创业能力培养机制作为本文的研究主题。本文通过对创业能力研究文献的回溯,基于科技人力资源开发理论和创业教育生态系统理论,界定了工程科技人才创业能力的概念及其构成要素。在此基础上,通过案例分析、文献分析,结合专家访谈,初步构建了工程科技人才的创业能力培养机制框架,并通过问卷调查法等方法收集数据,运用隶属度分析、效度和信度分析、因子分析、回归分析等方法对数据进行了定量分析,验证了工程科技人才的创业能力培养机制框架,提出了工程科技人才创业能力培养机制的优化对策。本论文将研究对象确定为工程科技人才即科学或工程相关专业的本科阶段在校大学生。本文主要解答了四个问题：(1)工程科技人才创业能力的概念及其构成要素；(2)工程科技人才创业能力培养的关键影响因素；(3)根据工程科技人才创业能力的构成要素和其培养影响因素之间的内在关联性,构建工程科技人才创业能力培养机制模型；(4)现阶段我国工程科技人才创业能力培养机制的优化对策。针对上述问题,通过理论和实证研究,本文得出了以下几个较有新意的结论：(1)通过对以往创业能力相关理论与研究文献的梳理,将工程科技人才的创业能力界定为具有拥有科学或工程相关背景知识的个人或团队,从事与工程或技术的开发、生产和服务等相关领域创业活动的能力；提炼出了自我管理能力、团队领导能力、技术创新能力、市场把握能力等四个模块的构成要素。(2)分别从国家、高校、产业层面对欧美国家工程科技人才创业能力培养的典型案例进行剖析,提炼出了国家层面政策保障培养要素为培养战略、培养计划、培养经费、组织机构、法律法规等；高校层面创业教育培养要素为培养目标与计划、前沿科技知识、创业课程模块、互动的教学方式、校内创业型导师、国际交流、实践平台、专业组织、学生社团、评价机制、创业氛围等；产业层面协同培养要素为校企合作组织机构、互动平台、企业导师、企业实习、经费赞助等。(3)通过文献分析和专家访谈,对上述培养要素进行了再次验证,同时增加了个体特质(包括个体背景、心理特质、创业动机、创业意愿等)方面的培养要素,并提出了用“国家层面的政策保障机制、高校层面的创业教育机制、产业层面的协同培养机制、个体层面的驱动机制”这四个维度来构建工程科技人才创业能力培养机制框架的设想。(4)通过对科技型企业所回收的297份有效问卷的调研数据进行数理统计分析,识别出具有回归显著性的4个公因子(国家层面的政策保障机制、高校层面的创业教育机制、产业层面的协同培养机制、个体层面的驱动机制)共包含了25个变量(关键影响因素),它们构成了工程科技人才创业能力培养机制模型的关键因素集。(5)研究结果发现：国家层面的政策保障机制对团队领导能力、技术创新能力和市场把握能力这三个方面产生显著的正向影响；个体层面的驱动机制对自我管理能力、团队领导能力和市场把握能力这三个方面产生显著的正向影响；高校层面的创业教育机制对团队领导能力和技术创新能力这两个方面产生显著的正向影响；产业层面的协同培养机制仅对团队领导能力产生显著的正向影响。从而得出了国家层面的政策保障机制和个体层面的驱动机制对我国当前工程科技人才创业能力培养所发挥的作用相对较大,而高校层面的创业教育机制和产业层面的协同培养机制所发挥的作用相对较弱的重要结论。基于上述研究结果,本文提出了工程科技人才创业能力培养机制的优化对策：(1)以创业实践平台建设为核心,建立与完善高校创业教育运行机制；(2)以产学合作战略联盟为纽带,建立健全产业协同培养机制；(3)以科技人才培养战略为引领,继续完善国家政策保障机制；(4)以激发创业意愿为抓手,进一步完善个体创业驱动机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 The age of entrepreneurship calls for science and engineering talents with entrepreneurial spirits. The report of the18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party proposes "to thoroughly implement the strategy of rejuvenating China through science and education and the strategy of rejuvenating China through human resource development" and "to promote employment with entrepreneurship, and improve the workers’ employability and entrepreneurial ability".With the increasing integration of engineering technology and the modern business, more and more attention has been placed on how to cultivate science and engineering talents’ entrepreneurial skills in order to transform new knowledge and technology into business. However, there are not many research on developing science and engineering talents’ entrepreneurial skills. Therefore, the challenge of training science and engineering talents’ skills y of entrepreneurship has become a significant problem for the national public policy makers to seriously consider. To address above issues, this dissertation research focused on the entrepreneurship development of science and engineering talentsBased on reviewing literature in entrepreneurial skills, science and engineering human resource development theory, and entrepreneurship education ecology system theory, this dissertation defined science and engineering talents’ entrepreneurial skills and its constituent elements. Through case analysis, literature analysis,and expert interviews, this dissertation proposed a framework for the developing science and engineering talents’ entrepreneurial skills.Quantitative data were collected using survey and other methods and were analyzed using validity and reliability analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis, and other methods to validate the initial framework and propose optimization strategies for training science and engineering talents’entrepreneurial capabilities.The research participants were defined as undergraduate students majoring in science and engineering.This dissertation addressed four main topics:(1) the concept and constituent elem-ents of science and engineering talents’entrepreneurial skills;(2) the key factors influencing science and engineering talents’training;(3) the relationship between the constituent elements and the key influencing factors of science and engineering talents’ entrepreneurial skills,and (4) the optimizing strategies for training science and engineering talents’ entrepreneurship in today’s China.To address the above topics,this dissertation made the following conclusions based on theoretical and empirical research:(1) Informed by previous literature in entrepreneurial skills, science and engineering talents’entrepreneurial capabilities were defined as possessing foundational knowledge in natural science, engineering, or technology and abilities to create business in areas related to engineering or technology development, production, and services. The constituent elements were identified as self-management skills, team leadership, technological innovation, and market skills.(2) The author reviewed cases of how science and engineering talents’ entrepreneurial skills were developed in western countries by analyzing from national, higher-education, and industry levels. According to case analysis,the essential elements of national policy protection include training strategic plan, training programs, financial support, organization, laws and regulations. The elements of entrepreneurship training in higher education include training objectives and plans, cutting-edge scientific and technological knowledge, entrepreneurship courses, interactive teaching methods, school-based entrepreneurial mentors, international exchanges, practice opportunities, professional organizations, student organizations, evaluation mechanisms, entrepreneurial atmosphere, etc. Elements of collaborative training by higher-education and industry include university-industry cooperative organizations, interactive platform, business mentors, internships, funding, etc.(3) Based on literature review and expert interviews, the author validated the three factors-the national policy factor, the entrepreneurship education factor, and the industry collaboration factor-and added the fourth factor of individual traits, including individual background, personality, entrepreneurial motivation, and entre-preneurial intention. The author proposed four dimensions for the framework of developing science and engineering talents’entrepreneurial skills,including the national policy guarantee mechanism, the entrepreneurship education mechanism, the industry-university collaborative training mechanism, the individual driving mechanism(4) Factorial analysis of data from297valid questionnaires identified one common factor. Regression analysis of the same dataset identified four key factors, including the national policy guarantee mechanism, the level of entrepreneurship education mechanism, the industrial level of collaborative training mechanism, the individual level of driving mechanism. The four factors contained a total of25variables (factors), which constituted the key factors of science and engineering talents’entrepreneurial abilities.(5) Findings indicated that the national policy support mechanism played a significantly positive role in team leadership, technological innovation skills, and marketing control skills.University entrepreneurial education mechanism had significantly positive influence on team leadership and technological innovation. The industry-university collaborative training mechanism had the same level of influence on team leadership. The individual driving mechanism also had a significantly positive effects on management, team leadership, and marketing control skill. This dissertation concluded that the individual driving mechanism and the national policy support mechanism may play more important roles in the development of science and engineering talents’entrepreneurial skills than the university entrepreneurial education mechanism and industry-university collaborative training mechanism.Based on the above results, this dissertation proposed optimization strategies for training science and engineering talents’entrepreneurial skills:(l)Establish and refine entrepreneurship education operating mechanism, focusing on building the platform for entrepreneurship practice;(2)establish a sound industry-university collaborative training mechanism by forming industry-university alliances;(3) continue improve national policy protection mechanism by following the strategy of cultivating science and engineering talents;(4)further improve individual entrepreneurial driving mechanism,starting from developing individuals’ entrepreneurial intention.更多还原