【作者】 孙炜玮；

【导师】 王竹；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论研究， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 随着新农村建设、美丽中国、以及新型城镇化的大力推进与发展,乡村的形态、规模、尺度、关系等都在发生着剧变,中国正处于传统乡村景观向现代乡村景观转型的过渡阶段。然而如何顺利转型,实现乡村景观的可持续发展,是目前紧迫而严峻的问题。原因在于,根植于地方自然与文化环境的传统乡村景观,在城市化的建设模式影响之下,正逐渐走向趋同与异化,乡村景观的误读与“建设性破坏”现象愈演愈烈。这一现象表现出当前人们对乡村景观的理解已经脱离了村民、脱离了日常生活,表现出一种零散、片断的概念化符号和形式。另一方面,我们也该意识到,在可持续发展思想、以及较为笼统的乡村建设大框架之下,景观的营建尚缺乏具体可操作的策略与方法指导。基于新形势下乡村景观营建的现实需求以及技术缺失,本研究以问题为导向,以营建方法为切入点,旨在整体把握乡村景观价值与内涵的基础上,结合当前科学的理论方法与技术成果,探讨乡村景观营建因地制宜的决策和具体可操作的整体方法。整体方法以乡村景观综合价值的实现、构成因子的协调与共赢为营建目标。该方法不是全面否定传统、以及既有的规划框架和方法,而是在批判继承的基础上,强调多种因素的协调与有机统一,通过整体设计,力图越过表象误区,重归乡村景观本真,并实现乡村自然、社会与经济的健康平衡发展。论文研究从对浙江省乡村景观建设现状以及国内外研究现状的分析开始,随后通过对乡村景观营建传统方法与既有方法的梳理、分析与反思,提出应将乡村景观置于自然生境、经济生产、居住生活这三方面有着内在紧密关联的要素之中,站在系统、整体的视角下,来把握乡村景观的价值与内涵；继而结合系统论、控制论、景观生态学与生物共生原理,从多维视野中整体地把握系统的构成关系,从内容的系统性、过程的控制性、格局的生态性、利益的共生性四个方面来整合提出了景观营建的整体方法体系；最后,针对这四个方面,结合浙江地区案例与课题组大量规划实践,从村域、村落、宅院三个层级,进一步探讨了一套具体可操作的营建策略与方法。研究认为,乡村景观就是一个生命系统,经过长久的自然演化,有其自身的合理逻辑、严密构造,从而获得了丰富的地域性特征。因此乡村景观营建整体方法的立足点并不是发明一套方法或策略,而是倡导向乡村学习,以设计的眼光重新去发现、去提升,以新的价值观和方法论,引导乡村景观系统在经济与社会转型时期健康、平衡发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of new rural construction, beautiful china and rural tourism, rural landscape in China is in the process of a transitional period, from traditional to modern. However, it brings an urgent and severe problem about how to make a smooth transition, how to realize the sustainable development of rural landscape. The difficulty lies in, that the traditional rural landscape, which is based on local nature and culture, is gradually towards resemblance or dissimilation, by the effect of construction mode of urbanization. This phenomenon reflects that people nowadays have a one-sided, superficial comprehending of countryside landscape. Under this circumstance, the landscape is divorced from local residents’life, assuming a broken, scattered conceptual symbol and form. So we should come to realize that with the guide of sustainable development thoughts and the general rural construction framework, design and construction of landscape still requires specific operable strategy and instruction.Under the practical needs and technical missing of rural landscape construction in the new situation, This research oriented by the real problem and based on construction method, with the general comprehending of real essence of rural landscape, with the help of scientific theories and technical achievements, according to the economic transformation and the need of real country life, trys to find out the integrated and operable approach in rural landscape construction, which would help to make a proper decision, adjusting to local condition. This approach aims to realize the comprehensive value of rural landscape and coordinate the inner relationship. It is not in order to deny the tradition or the present design frame and method, but to inherit from them with criticism and to emphasize the coordination of various factors. Through integrated design, it tries to exclude the misunderstanding, revert back the nature of rural landscape and realize the balanced development of rural nature, society and economy. First of all, this study analyzes the real construction situation of rural landscape in Zhejiang Province, and other domestic and oversea research, sorts out traditional and existing methods of countryside landscape construction, and puts forward a demand to master the content and development rule of rural landscape with systematic concept and prospect.Secondly, combing system theory, control theory, landscape ecology and symbiosis principle, this study considers countryside landscape with multi-dimension perspective of nature, economy and living, which are closely relevant, puts forward a method system including four facets, system of content, control of process, ecology of environment and intergrowth of benefit. Last, this thesis thoroughly and concretely analyzes the four facets mentioned above. Referring cases in Zhejiang Province and a good deal of practices of research group, it discusses based-on-local-condition and operable design mode, strategy and method in rural landscape construction.Rural landscape is a life system, after a long evolution, there is a reasonable logic, its tight structure, so as to obtain the rich regional characteristics. The integrated construction method of rural landscape, is not to invent a method or strategy, but rather to advocate learning from rural, take a design vision to discover, to ascend. using the new values and methodology, balance the rural landscape development in the economic and social transition period.更多还原