【作者】 申秀清；

【导师】 修长柏；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 农业科技园区作为发展现代农业的载体,是制度变迁和制度创新的产物。我国自1989年在山东禹城开始探索建立农业高新技术园区诱导中国农村经济振兴的道路以来,陆续在北京、上海和广州等经济发达地区开始区域性的实践,在可行的基础上,国家科技部联合六部委在全国分五批批准建设了118个国家级农业科技园区。目前,我国农业科技园区的发展对整合区域自然资源和社会资源,用现代农业和知识农业的理念调整农业产业结构、改变经济增长方式,带动农民增收和促进农民和谐就业,促进区域体制机制创新等方面起到了非常重要的作用。但是,农业科技园区作为新生事物,是我国农村生产关系和生产力的重大变革,对其引起的体制机制变革进行创新性探索已经成为一项重要的课题。本文在对国内外农业科技园区相关文献研究的基础上,首先从产业集群理论、两次农业现代化理论、增长极理论、农业技术创新与扩散理论等理论角度分析了农业科技园区对促进区域经济发展和区域创新网络形成的重要作用；然后从产业化经营机制创新、科技机制创新、管理机制创新、土地利用机制创新和投融资机制创新的角度对农业科技园区的创新机制进行了深入的研究,旨在建立起农业科技园区动态的网络合作创新机制；最后以内蒙古和林格尔国家农业科技园区建设和发展的实践为例,指出了农业科技园区发展中面临的主要问题和实现体制机制创新应采取的对策。本文主要就五方面的机制创新提出了建议：(1)在前人研究基础上发展了农业科技园区创新的概念,提出了农业科技创新已经从企业创新发展到网络创新,进而指出农业科技园区对区域创新网络建设的重要意义。(2)提出了农业科技园区应该与区域内农业产业园区和农业开发区协作创新。农业科技园区以农业高新技术集成创新、示范和推广的宗旨决定其具有较强的公益性,不能完全用经济效益和规模经营来衡量园区的发展绩效。然而不搞产业化经营,又会出现农民和园区高技术对接难、高科技成果转化率低和经济效益低,难以激发农民的参与动力。农业科技园区可依托产业园区的发展基础,实现从科技园区到产业园区再到农民的技术传播路径。(3)提出了大力发展现代服务业,以现代服务业引领现代农业,来促进我国农业科技园区科技创新和产业结构升级。农业科技园区技术创新是多主体合作的网络创新,科技中介的桥梁作用非常突出。现代服务业可以为科技中介的发展提供技术、制度和政策环境,也能促进创新主体的积聚和相互学习机制的形成,从而为农业科技园区科技创新提供持续的动力。(4)提出多元主体共管的网络治理模式是农业科技园区的目标管理模式。以单一的政府管理模式为主的模式在园区建设和发展的初期阶段非常适用,但随着园区进入新的发展阶段,单一政府管理模式会降低园区的管理效率。农业科技园区的管理模式要根据园区的发展阶段、区域市场发育状况以及社会组织的实力来适时调整。(5)提出了土地利用机制创新的途径。土地利用机制是土地制度创新的核心,对园区的公益性建设用地应以高于市场价格的补偿价格征用,一方面使土地及其地上建筑具有融资功能,另一方面可减少农地浪费,避免农民的土地权益流失。园区的生产性用地应选择合作的方式进行土地集中。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a carrier of the development of modern agriculture, agricultural Science and Technology Park is the result of institutional change and innovation. China has began the regional practice one after another in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou and other developed areas since the exploration of revitalization of establishment of agricultural high-tech park of China’s rural economy in Shandong Yucheng in1989. National Science and Technology jointly by six ministries approved the construction of118national agricultural science and technology park five times. At present, the development of China’s agricultural science and technology park plays a very important role on the integration of regional natural resources and social resources, the adjustment of agricultural structure with the modern concept of agricultural knowledge, the change of the mode of economic growth, the incresing of farmers’ income and promoting of the harmonious employment of farmers and the promoting regional innovation system and mechanism. However, as a new thing, the agricultural science and technology parks is a major change for rural production relations and productive forces in China. It has become an important issue to explore innovation for its cause of institutional reform.Based on lliterature research of agricultural science and technology park at home and abroad, this paper firstly analyses its important role on promoting regional economic development and the formation of regional innovation network from the perspective of the industrial cluster theory, two agricultural modernization theory, growth pole theory, agricultural technology innovation and diffusion theory and other relative theories. Then, from the angle of industrial management mechanism innovation, technological mechanism innovation, management mechanism innovation, institutional innovation and land investment and financing mechanism innovation, this paper conducts a deep research on innovative mechanism of agricultural science and technology park, to establish dynamic network cooperation innovation mechanisn for agricultural Science and Technology Park. Finally, taking the building and development practices of Helingeer National Agricultural Technology Park as an example, it pointes out the main problems and counter measures about the promoting regional innovation system and mechanism will be taken in the development of agricultural science and technology park.This review focuses on five aspects of institutional innovation made the following recommendations:(1) On the basis of previous studies, this paper developes a concept of innovation of agricultural science and technology park and puts forward that the ragricultural science and technology innovation has made innovation and development from the enterprise innnovation to the network innovation. Furthermore, it also pointes out the significance of the construction of regional innovation network.(2) Agricultural Science and Technology Park should be made with the collaborative innovation between the agricultural industry and regional parks and agricultural development zones. Its welfare is determined by agricultural high-tech integrated innovation, demonstration and promotion. So its development performance can not be fully measured by economic benefit and the scale of operation. However, if you do not engage in industrial management, there will appear docking difficulty for farmers and science and technology park, low high-tech achievement transformation rate and low economic efficiency, which is difficult to stimulate the involvement momentum for farmers. Agricultural science and technology park can take advantage of development foundation of the industrial parks to pave a technical radiation way for realising from a science and technology park to the industrial park and then to the farmers.(3) This paper puts forward that we should vigorously develop modern service industry and modern agriculture led to the modern service industry which promotes scientific and technological innovation and upgrading of industrial structure. The main technical innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology Park is a network innovation of multi-agent cooperation. Therefore, intermediary role as a bridge for science and technology is very prominent. Modern services not only can provide technical, institutional and policy environment for the development of science and technology intermediary, but also can promote the accumulation of the main innovation and formation of mutual learning mechanism, so as to provide scientific and technological innovation of agricultural science and technology park with continuous power.(4) Multiple main condominium network governance model is the goal of agricultural science and technology park management. Single government management model is ideal for the early stages on construction and development of the park. But with the development into a new stage, the single government management mode will reduce the park’s management efficiency. Agricultural science and technology park management model should be made to timely adjustment according to the park’s stage of development, regional market development status and social organizations strength.(5) This paper puts forward the way to Innovation of land use mechanism Innovation of land use mechanism is the core of the land system innovation. Park’s public construction land should be based on the price above the market price of the expropriation compensation. On the one hand, the land and its ground floor have a financing function. On the other hand, it can reduce agricultural waste and avoid the loss of farmers’ land rights.更多还原