【作者】 张泽强；

【导师】 田克勤；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 中共党史， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 伴随着2005年中央马克思主义理论研究与建设工程的启动、特别是“马克思主义中国化研究”二级学科的设立，对马克思主义中国化及其相关问题的研究逐渐成为中国哲学社会科学界的一门显学。而马克思主义中国化主体作为关系马克思主义中国化过程是否能够实现的重要方面，也得到了学术界的广泛关注，至今热度依然不减。总的说来，学界目前对马克思主义中国化主体问题的研究已经有了较大的进展，在马克思主义中国化主体的内部层级和作用、以毛泽东等为代表的中国共产党领袖人物推动马克思主义中国化的主体条件以及他们对马克思主义中国化的贡献等方面都取得了较为丰硕的成果。但仔细分析不难发现，这些研究成果多数都是从中共党史学科的视角来阐发马克思主义中国化主体问题的，而完全从马克思主义中国化主体自身出发、特别是从基本理论层面对马克思主义中国化主体进行阐释的研究成果较为少见。故而笔者选取马克思主义中国化主体作为研究对象，以领袖主体为研究视角，以政治学、中共党史、马克思主义理论等学科的基本研究方法为主，以哲学、管理学、领导学和组织行为学等学科中有关主体的基本理论和研究方法为辅，通过对改革开放以来以邓小平为核心的党的第二代中央领导集体、以江泽民为核心的党第三代中央领导集体、以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央到以习近平总书记的党中央接续演进历史过程的宏观分析，和对他们作为马克思主义中国化领袖主体在推进马克思主义中国化历史进程中所发生的素质提升、结构优化和作用发挥等问题的微观研究，并在此基础上根据马克思主义关于领袖人物评价的一般标准提出对改革开放以来党中央领导集体总体评价的标准，旨在达到从基本理论的层面阐发马克思主义中国化主体问题的目的。除去引言和结语，本论文的正文分为3个部分，共6章。第一部分为第一章、第二章，第二部分为第三章、第四章、第五章，第三部分为第六章。各章内容摘要概述如下：第一章主要是从历史背景、现实条件、主要标志三个方面，运用历史和逻辑相结合的方法，意在通过对以邓小平为核心的党的第二代中央领导集体形成基本条件的梳理和研究，揭示马克思主义中国化领袖主体在以毛泽东为核心的党中央陷入危局后的重塑问题，为改革开放后马克思主义中国化领袖主体发展奠定逻辑上的前提。马克思主义中国化领袖主体的重塑不是凭空发生的，而是有着复杂的历史背景和深刻的现实条件的。它是在以毛泽东为核心的党中央在“文化大革命”中陷入危局、“四人帮”对中央最高权力觊觎已久并蠢蠢欲动、华国锋临危受命却仍坚持毛泽东的晚年错误这样的历史背景下发生的；它是在“四人帮”覆灭及其影响的消除、邓小平的第三次复出及大批老干部的解放、全国范围内真理标准问题大讨论的展开这样的现实条件下发生的；而以正式形成以邓小平为核心的党中央、科学评价毛泽东和毛泽东思想、明确提出“建设有中国特色社会主义”为标志，马克思主义中国化领袖主体真正实现了从以毛泽东为核心的党的第一代中央领导集体到以邓小平为核心的党的第二代中央领导集体的重塑。第二章主要是通过梳理以邓小平为核心的党的第二代中央领导集体、以江泽民为核心的党的第三代中央领导集体、以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央到以习近平为总书记的党中央接续发展的历史进程，揭示这一历史过程所反映出的主要特点，意在从历史的角度勾勒出改革开放以来马克思主义中国化领袖主体演进发展的宏观脉络。十一届三中全会之后，以邓小平为核心的党的第二代中央领导集体要求老干部普遍树立“培养接班人”思想、恢复设立“中央书记处”的组织机构、建立以“中央顾问委员会”为主要过渡形式的老干部退休制度为改革开放后马克思主义中国化领袖主体演进奠定了思想、组织和制度上的坚实基础。改革开放后马克思主义中国化领袖主体演进主要经历了从邓小平为核心的党中央到以江泽民为核心的党中央，从以江泽民为核心的党中央到以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央，再从又以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央到以习近平为总书记的党中央这么三段接续发展的过程。这一时期马克思主义中国化领袖主体的历史演进反映出与改革开放的历史进程相伴随、与集体领导的制度设计相一致、与独立自主的基本立场相契合的主要特点。第三章主要是通过借用组织行为学、领导学中有关领导素质的相关理论，意在从领袖主体素质提升的角度来研究改革开放以来马克思主义中国化的领袖主体。马克思主义中国化领袖主体的素质，就是指中国共产党中央领导集体或这个领导集体中的核心成员、核心人物作为推进马克思主义中国化伟大事业的主体，为领导马克思主义中国化的历史进程、发挥自身在马克思主义中国化理论创新和实践创新中的影响和作用所应具备的主观条件，具有综合性、时代性、动态性等基本特点，它的高低在马克思主义中国化领袖主体理解马克思主义、判断中国具体国情和把握马克思主义与中国具体国情的二者结合具有重要意义；马克思主义中国化领袖主体素质主要由思想政治素质、理论思维素质、科学文化素质以及身体和心理素质这四个方面构成；马克思主义中国化领袖主体素质的提升主要通过读书学习、总结经验以及参加社会实践这三个途径来完成。第四章主要是通过借用组织行为学、领导学中有关领导结构的相关理论，意在从领袖主体结构优化的角度来研究改革开放以来马克思主义中国化的领袖主体。马克思主义中国化领袖主体的结构，就是指作为具体领导和推进马克思主义中国化的党中央领导集体内部各领导成员的排列组合方式，具有适应性、互补性和动态稳定性等基本特点，这种结构是否保持最佳状态，对于马克思主义中国化的历史进程会产生重要影响；马克思主义中国化领袖主体结构在表现形式上主要分为显性结构和隐性结构两种：显性结构主要包括年龄结构、能力结构、专业结构等，隐性结构主要包括核心结构、整体结构、整分合结构以及弹性结构等；马克思主义中国化领袖主体结构的优化可以从提拔年轻干部、搞好班子团结、合理安排分工这三个方面入手加以解决。第五章主要是通过借用历史唯物主义中阶级、政党、领袖、群众四者关系理论，意在从领袖主体作用发挥的角度来研究改革开放以来马克思主义中国化的领袖主体。马克思主义中国化领袖主体在马克思主义中国化历史进程中发挥着重要作用，他们是马克思主义中国化发展进程的领航者、时代背景的判断者、思想路线的确立者；他们作用必须经过一系列具有内在规定性的过程才能得以实现，主要包括“认识”、“结合”、“创新”和“实践”四个环节；马克思主义中国化领袖主体在发挥其自身作用时，还要注意正确处理好与人民群众和理论工作者的关系，他们对领袖主体作用发挥的大小有重要影响。第六章主要是通过对前五章的分析和阐述，并根据马克思主义关于历史人物评价的一般标准，提出对改革开放以来马克思主义中国化领袖主体作整体性评价的基本标准。马克思主义关于历史人物的评价主要有能动性标准、历史性标准、全面性标准这三个方面的标准；对改革开放以来马克思主义中国化领袖主体的整体性评价，可以从对人民群众的态度、对马克思主义的理解、对领袖主体自身的要求这三个方面的标准进行基本的衡量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the central Marxism fundamental research and the construction projectstarting in2005, is specially “the research of the Sinicization of Marxism” two level ofdiscipline establishments, becomes the Chinese philosophy society scientific circles graduallyto the Sinicization of Marxism and the correlation question research a famous doctrine.But thesubject of the Sinicization of Marxism related the process of the Sinicization of Marxismwhether can realize important aspect, also obtained academic circles’ widespread attention,until now the heat degree still does not reduce.Generally speaking, the educational world at present already had the big progress to thequestion of the subject of the Sinicization of Marxism, in the subject of the Sinicization ofMarxism internal level and the function, and so on impelled the Sinicization of Marxism takeMao Zedong as representative’s Communist Party of China leader character the main bodycondition as well as they to the Sinicization of Marxism aspects and so on contribution has allyielded a more substantial result. But analyzing carefully not difficultly to discover that, theseresearch results most of all explain the subject of the Sinicization of Marxism from the angleof view of the history of the Communist Party of China, but embarking from the subject-selfof the Sinicization of Marxism, specially is completely carries on the explanation from theelementary theory stratification plane to the subject of the Sinicization of Marxism theresearch results to be rare. Therefore the author selects the subject of the Sinicization ofMarxism to take the object of study, takes the leader as the research angle of view, takespolitics, the history of Communist Party of China and so on Marxism theory fundamentalresearch methods primarily, by disciplines in and so on philosophy, management science,leader study and organization behavior study related the elementary theory of the subject andresearch technique as auxiliary, since through to the reform and open policy take DengXiaoping as the core party’s second generation of central leader collective, Jiang Zemin as thecore party third generation central leader collective and Hu Jintao as general secretary’sCentral Party Committee connection evolution history process macroscopic analysis, with tothem took the leader subject of the Sinicization of Marxism is advancing the Sinicization ofMarxism historic course question and so on quality promotion, structure optimization andfunction display micro-examination, and carry on the overall appraisal in this foundation tothem, is for the purpose of achieving explains the question of the subject of the Sinicization ofMarxism from the elementary theory stratification plane the goal.Except the introduction and the conclusion, the present paper main text altogether isdivided6chapters of3parts. First chapter and the second chapter are the first part, the third, fourth and the fifth chapters are the second part, and the sixth chapter is the third part. Eachchapter of content abstract outline is as follows:The first chapter is mainly from three aspects of historical background, realisticconditions and the main symbol, using the method of combination of history and logic,intended by carding and Research on Deng Xiaoping as the core of the CPC’s secondgeneration of central collective leadership of the basic condition of the form, reveal the leadersubject of the Sinicization of Marxism in reconstruction after crisis the Party CentralCommittee with Mao Zedong as the core, for the reform and opening up after the leadersubject of the Sinicization of Marxism development laid a logical premise. remodeling of theleader subject of the Sinicization of Marxism does not just happen, but a complicatedhistorical background and realistic conditions. It is in order to Mao Zedong as the core of theParty Central Committee in the “Cultural Revolution” in the crisis, the “Gang of four” centralthe supreme power has long coveted and ready to make trouble, Hua Guofeng still insist onMao Zedong’s mistakes in his later years this historical background; it is in the “Gang of four”destruction and elimination of influence, discussion the criterion of truth of Deng Xiaopingcome back for the third time and a large number of cadres of the liberation, nationwide suchrealistic conditions occur; and to the scientific evaluation of Mao Zedong and Mao Zedongthought, clearly put forward the “socialism” has Chinese characteristics as a symbol, theleader subject of the Sinicization of Marxism realizes remodeling from the first generation ofcentral collective leadership with Mao Zedong as the core of the party to the party’s secondgeneration of central collective leadership with the core of Deng xiaoping.The second chapter mainly through combing with Deng Xiaoping as the core of theParty’s second generation of central collective leadership, with Jiang Zemin at the core of theParty’s third generation of central collective leadership, with Hu Jintao as general secretary ofthe CPC Central Committee to Xi Jinping as general secretary of the CPC Central Committeein the history of the development process, the main characteristics of this one history revealsthe reflection out from the historical point of view, to outline the reform and open policycontext of the leader subject of the Sinicization of Marxism evolution development since.After The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee to Deng Xiaoping, as thecore of the Party’s second generation of central collective leadership asked the old cadresgenerally set up the “successors” thought, build “the Secretariat of the Central Committee” ofthe organization, to establish “the Central Advisory Commission” as the main transition formof veteran cadres retirement system for the reform and opening up after the leader subject ofthe Sinicization of Marxism laid the ideological, organizational and institutional foundation.After the reform and opening up the Marx doctrine Chinese of leader subject evolution hasexperienced from the Party Central Committee to Deng Xiaoping as the core of the PartyCentral Committee with Jiang Zemin as the core, from the Party Central Committee with Jiang Zemin as the core to Hu Jintao as general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, andfrom with Hu Jintao as general secretary of the CPC Central Committee to Xi Jinping for theParty Central Committee the general secretary of the three segment in the developmentprocess. The historical evolution of the leader the main body of this period of Marx’s Chinesereflects the historical process of reform and opening up, with consistent, and system design ofthe main features of the collective leadership agrees with the basic position of stand on one’sown.The third chapter is mainly through the use of organizational behavior, related theories ofleadership qualities of leadership, aimed to study since reform and opening up the leadersubject of the Sinicization of Marxism from the main point of improving the quality of leader.The quality of the leader subject of the Sinicization of Marxism, refers to the core member ofthe Communist Party, Chinese central collective leadership or the leadership of the keycharacters in the Sinicization of Marxism as the main propulsion of greatness, subjectiveconditions that should be provided for the historical process of the Sinicization of Marxism,leadership Chinese exerts its influence in innovation in both theory and practice. In theSinicization of Marxism and role, is comprehensive, the times, dynamic and other basicfeatures, its level in the leader subject of the Sinicization of Marxism’s judgment, Chinaspecific conditions and grasp the Sinicization of Marxism and the specific conditions of thecombination of the two China has important significance; the quality of the Sinicization ofMarxism mainly by China leader the theory of Ideological and political quality, thinkingquality, scientific and cultural quality and physical and psychological quality of these fouraspects of the Sinicization of Marxism; enhance the quality of the main leaders of the mainthrough reading and study, sum up experience and participate in the three ways to completethe social practice.The fourth chapter is the related theory through the use of organizational behavior,leadership of the leadership structure, aimed to study since reform and opening up. The leadersubject of the Sinicization of Marxism from the main structure optimization point of view.The structure of the leader subject of the Sinicization of Marxism, refers to as the arrangementof specific combination of leading and promoting the Sinicization of Marxism of the centralcollective leadership of the party members within the leadership, adaptable, complementarycharacteristics and dynamic stability, this structure is not to maintain the best condition, forthe course of history of the Sinicization of Marxism will produce an important influence; thestructure of the leader subject of the Sinicization of Marxism in the form of performance isdivided into dominant and recessive structure: structure of two kinds of dominant structuremainly includes the age structure, ability structure, professional structure, hidden structuremainly includes the core structure, the overall structure, the structure and the elastic structure;the optimization leader of the Sinicization of Marxism of the main structure of the can from strengthening and promoting the collective leadership system, the selection and use ofexcellent intellectuals to these three aspects to solve.The fifth chapter is the class, political party, leader of the masses, four through the use ofhistorical materialism theory, to play the main role since from the reform and opening up. Theleader subject of the Sinicization of Marxism history in the Sinicization of Marxism plays animportant role, they establish the Sinicization of Marxism development leader, background ofthe judge, ideological line; they must undergo a series of internal regulations to process can berealized,including “understanding”,“combined”,“innovation”and “practical” four links; theleader subject of the Sinicization of Marxism to play its role, but also pay attention tocorrectly deal with the relationship of the masses and theoretical workers, have an importanteffect on the main role they play leader size.The sixth chapter is mainly through the analysis and exposition on the first five chaptersof the Sinicization of Marxism, and according to the general standard of evaluation onhistorical figures, put forward the basic standard of the body of the leader subject of theSinicization of Marxism as a whole evaluation since reform and opening up. Evaluation of theSinicization of Marxism about historical figures are initiative standard, historical standard, theclass standard, the dialectical standard these four aspects of the standard; since the reform andopening up in the leader subject of the Sinicization of Marxism whole evaluation, from theSinicization of Marxism is always adhere to the scientific attitude, always adhere to themasses of the people as the value orientation, this is always open minded open-mindedoutlook and the three aspects of the standard of judgment.更多还原