【作者】 裘莹；

【导师】 张曙霄；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 世界经济， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 在经济全球化的大趋势下,离岸服务外包是国际产业分工发展到新阶段而出现的新兴产业之一,在新一轮世界产业结构调整的浪潮中,已经成为发展中国家积极参与全球价值链整合,承接发达国家产业转移的重要产业。尤其是拉美、亚太地区等新兴市场国家,日益成为全球离岸服务外包发展的新动力,特别是亚太地区已经成为全球服务外包的主要目的地。近年来,中国离岸服务外包经历了突飞猛进的发展,尤其在2008年金融危机之后,在世界整体经济并不看好的情况下,连续四年年均增长率超过60%,自2011年起跃居全球离岸服务外包第二大承接国,离岸服务外包已经成为中国经济增长的新亮点。但是离岸服务外包的高速发展也暴露出一些问题。比如,中国离岸服务外包长期处于全球价值链低端造成的利润率低下、企业运营及管理成本上升以及粗放的发展方式无法满足客户高端需求等因素,成为了制约中国离岸服务外包顺利转型与升级的瓶颈。本文站在结构的视角,综合利用国际贸易学、区域经济学、产业经济学等相关学科的理论与方法,通过对2006年以来中国离岸服务外包结构进行静态和动态分析,发掘中国离岸服务外包的变化趋势,找出中国离岸服务外包结构变化的驱动因素、未来发展趋势以及离岸服务外包结构与中国经济发展之间的关系,提出优化中国离岸服务外包结构的对策建议。本文内容主要包括以下几个部分：第一章为绪论。本章主要包括本文研究背景、亟待解决的问题、研究意义、研究内容与方法、研究目标、主要创新与不足之处等内容。第二章为相关理论及文献综述。本章主要包括对离岸服务外包发展相关的国际贸易学理论、区域经济学理论、结构经济学理论和产业组织理论等进行简要回顾,并且对近期相关国内外文献进行整理和综述。第三章为中国离岸服务外包的业务结构研究。本章通过对中国传统离岸服务外包所面临的转型与升级的内外部双重压力进行分析,发现在云计算等新兴技术的推动下,离岸服务外包正向着离岸云外包等全新方向迈进。相比传统离岸服务外包,离岸云外包具有提高价值链技术租金和大幅度降低产业运营及服务成本的两大优势。本章通过系统阐述离岸云外包内涵、优势及升级路径,提出建立在全球价值链理论基础上的离岸云外包升级模式,同时提出离岸云外包两大发展方向。并建立实证模型,分析离岸服务外包企业开展云外包业务对企业市场绩效的积极影响。第四章为中国离岸服务外包的区域结构研究。本章引入区域创新系统理论,采用各省离岸ITO面板数据,分析中国各省域内企业、高校和政府等技术创新主体的要素投入及其相互合作对当地离岸服务外包发展的影响。并且发现离岸ITO发展受到了区位因素的显著影响。对于各创新主体的要素来说,企业与高校的技术创新资本投入没有显著影响,而人力投入的影响显著且贡献度很高。同时,区域创新系统的运行效率对离岸ITO发展有滞后的正面影响。第五章为中国离岸服务外包的政策结构研究。本章引入三元悖论模型,分别采用全球46个国家和14个新兴市场国家的面板数据,分析一国货币政策、外汇政策和对外开放政策对离岸服务外包发展的影响。并通过研究发现,发达国家实行浮动汇率制和金融市场开放对离岸服务外包促进作用显著且贡献度高。而对于新兴市场国家来说,浮动汇率制同时增加了离岸服务外包收入和收入波动性。同时,金融市场开放对这些国家离岸服务外包没有积极影响甚至有负面影响。亚洲新兴市场国家的独立货币政策能有效促进离岸服务外包发展。最后得出对中国经济政策选择的启示。最后,在本文的结论部分,对本文的主要研究内容和论点进行了总结和概括,并提出相应的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The offshore service outsourcing is one of the new industries emerged from the new stage of development of the international division of labor restructuring in the trend of economic globalization, which has become an active participator from the developing countries into the global value chain integration and an significant industry in the developed countries to undertake the global industrial transfer, especially towards the emerging market countries in Latin America and the Asia Pacific regions. In recent years, China’s offshore outsourcing has experienced rapid development, with an average annual growth rate of over60percent in the fourth consecutive years after the2008Global Financial Crisis, jumping onwards the world’s second largest economy of undertaking offshore services outsourcing from2011in the case of the passive world economy. Obviously, the offshore sevice outsourcing has become a new bright spot in China’s economic growth.But there exposed several problems in the rapid development of China’s offshore service outsourcing. For example, those factors like the rather thin margins owing to the long-term low end of the global value chain of China, rising costs of the operation and management of enterprises as well as the imprudent and extensive modes of development which can not meet the demands of high-end customers, has become a bottleneck to constrain the smooth transition and upgrade on China’s offshore services outsourcing.In this paper, with the perspective of structure, the theories and methods international trade, regional economics, industrial economics and other related disciplines were under unilization through both the static and dynamic analysis to explore China’s Offshore Services outsourcing trends, identify the drives contributing to the changes in the structure, trends and relationships between the industrial promotion and China’s economic development, and finally put forward suggestions to optimize the structure of China’s offshore outsourcing. Generally, this paper mainly includes the following sections:The first chapter is an introduction. This chapter includes the research background, problems to be solved, significance, research content and methods, research objectives, innovation and weaknesses and so on.The second chapter is the relevant theories and literature review. This chapter includes the development of offshore outsourcing services related to the theories of international trade, regional economics, industrial economics, as well as a brief overview of the theory and recent literatures.The third chapter is the study of the business structure of China’s offshore service outsourcing. With the analysis of the internal and external pressures for transformation and upgrading faced by China’s traditional offshore outsourcing, This chapter has found that offshore outsourcing has strided towards the brand new technique direction of offshore cloud outsourcing under the impetus of cloud computing and other emerging technologies. Compared to traditional offshore outsourcing, offshore cloud outsourcing enjoys two advantages of both raising the technolegical rent of the value chain and significantly reducing operating and service costs. This chapter systematically describes the content, advantages and upgrade paths of offshore cloud outsourcing, proposed the upgrading modes on the theoretical basis of the global value chain, while the two orientals of offshore cloud outsourcing development. Finally, an empirical model has been established to analyze the positive impact of the market structure of offshore cloud outsourcing on its market performance.The fourth chapter is the study of the regional structure of China’s offshore service outsourcing. This chapter introduces the regional innovation systems theory to analyze the impact of the factors and their interactions of the technological innovation elements of the enterprises, universities and governments on the promotion of offshore service outsourcing in various provinces. This chapter found that investments from the cooperation of enterprises and universities has no positive influence on offshore service outsourcing; the technological innovation activities of R&D and highly educated personnel has significant positive correlation and contribution of a high degree with the local development of offshore service outsourcing; The efficiency of RIS has lagged positive impact on offshore service outsourcing; the promotion of offshore service outsourcing is significantly affected by location factors.The fifth chapter is the study of the policy structure of China’s offshore service outsourcing. This chapter builds the trilemma model up to analyze the influence of monetary independence, exchange stability and financial market openness. Data from46economies, including14Emerging Market Countries have been used to find out how the change of the choices of policies influenced the increase of the revenue and the volatility of offshore. The findings of this chapter are (1) monetary independence has no significant impact on both offshore outsourcing and its volatility in total EME, but significantly positive in the Asian EME;(2)the floating exchange rate regimes has positive impact on the development and volatility of offshore;(3)financial market liberalization raises both the growth and volatility, however, robust financial market system must work as guarantee; the Complete Capital flows of emerging market countries has no significant or significantly negative impact on the offshore outsourcing revenue growth, but positive on the abnormal volatility of the revenue;(4)If China maintained monetary independence, meanwhile, steadily persisted floating exchange rate system and the gradual liberalization of the financial markets, those measures would promote the growth of offshore outsourcing revenue drasticly.Finally, in the concluding section of this article, the arguments on the main contents of this paper has been summarized, and appropriate policy recommendations has been proposed.更多还原