【作者】 高鑫；

【导师】 修春亮；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 城市与区域规划， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 随着信息基础设施网络和高速交通基础设施网络的不断完善，信息、人口、货物、资金、技术、服务等在高速流通道中实现时空压缩，流空间开始出现并日益频繁地挑战着场所空间的既有逻辑。流空间的逻辑在各种时空尺度的社会经济生活中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用，城市与区域空间也不例外。西方城市地理学者率先拓展了城市网络、世界城市体系等研究领域，并取得了世界城市理论、全球城市理论、世界城市网络理论等系列研究成果。但作为后起之秀的我国，在流空间研究方面则起步较晚，成果甚少。众所周知，西方城市社会是以“后工业化阶段”、“服务经济”、“知识经济”为时空背景的，而我国目前仅处于城市化的加速发展阶段，即城市化的中期，社会经济背景是以制造业为主体的重工业化阶段。因此，即便不考虑迥异的社会文化传统对流空间运行的影响，而仅将“后工业化”与“重工业化”、“服务经济”与“实体经济”这些标签摆在一起时，也令人不由地对西方研究经验在中国时空背景下的普适性产生质疑。本研究即是基于上述基本认识，尝试性地从理论层面探讨流空间与场所空间的相互关系，进而从流空间的传输内容、传输通道（介质）两方面来初步实现流空间研究的中国化。在此基础上，将重庆市作为案例区，采用高速公路收费站海量原始数据进行各区县关联网络的测度与拟合，并有针对性地对重庆市城市与区域空间的组织、管理以及高速公路网络的优化提出对策与建议。本研究主要包括八个部分：第一章是绪论部分。该部分主要围绕研究的时代背景、研究的理论与实践意义、主要的研究方法、分析指标以及研究的技术路线展开论述。社会网络分析方法及其主要的分析指标是本章的论述重点，并为下文奠定理论基础。第二章是基本概念与相关理论。该部分主要针对“空间”、“流”以及“城市与区域空间结构”三个对象展开探讨。“空间”这一地理学经典概念是进行流空间研究的基础。在系统阐述空间概念的基础上，引申出场所空间与流空间的概念，进而对两者的区别与联系进行阐述。“流”是空间相互作用的本质，也是流空间研究无法回避的问题。流的种类、产生机理与作用三者构成了本部分的基本框架，也是流空间研究实现本土化的突破口。“城市与区域空间结构”也是地理学关注城市区域空间的落脚点之一。本研究沿着城市与区域空间发展演化的历史脉络，依次论述了单中心圈层结构、多中心等级结构、多中心网络结构、等级与网络并存结构4种空间结构形态。第三章是研究区与研究思路。该章是后续实证研究的铺垫。首先，本研究从自然地理概况、社会经济概况、研究范围以及重庆市各次区域划分方案4个方面全面介绍了研究区的概况。其次，从空间联系的内容与联系通道等3方面对案例区特殊性进行了进一步的探讨。结论显示：①制造业占绝对优势、工业化程度相对较高的重庆市，其流空间传输内容应以实体流为主。②高速公路在西南山地流空间运行通道中的地位异常重要。第四章是基于高速公路货流联系的各区县网络结构研究。本研究遵循着总体网络到次区域网络的思路分不同空间尺度展开探讨。其中，在分析过程中又将网络研究细分为整体网络层面和节点层面两个层次来展开。整体网络层面的分析主要从网络密度、网络中心势、核心-边缘结构分析、限制度分析、凝聚子群分析、联系量空间分布分析、最大联系流分析以及中心城市吸引范围分析8个方面来进行。节点层面的分析主要从中心性分析、核心度分析、结构位置分析、节点联系量的层级划分、功能结构判断5个方面来进行。第五章是基于高速公路客流联系的各区县网络结构研究。本研究同样遵循着总体网络到次区域网络的思路分不同空间尺度展开探讨。其中，在分析过程中又将网络研究细分为整体网络层面和节点层面两个层次来展开。主要分析指标与第四章货流网络相似，但针对客流网络的特殊性，在凝聚子群分析以及中心性的分析方面有异于前者。第六章是基于重力模型的重庆市各区县关联网络结构拟合。该章意在通过模型拟合的方法构建各区县关联网络的理论矩阵，并将其与高速公路实测关联网络相比对，从而验证重力模型的拟合效果，修正重力模型的适用范围以及相关参数的选取。第七章是对客货流网络特征的总结以及优化对策部分。首先，该章分别对第五章和第六章的货流网络及客流网络的结构进行了总结。其次，对客-货流网络的综合特征进行了归纳。最后，提出了6条优化对策。第八章是本研究的收尾部分。本章对上述研究的主要结论进行了归纳。此外，还总结了本研究的创新点与未尽之处。本研究归纳出8个方面的主要结论：①流空间视角下的城市与区域研究的本土化任务迫切且具备可行性。②社会网络分析方法与传统地理学方法可以取长补短，相得益彰。③高速公路是重庆市流空间的重要运行通道。④纵向等级联系占优，地域联系集团性显著。⑤客流网络趋向行政层级，货流网络趋向产业系统。⑥横向联系是区域经济发展到一定阶段的产物。⑦传统重力模型对水平横向联系拟合程度不佳。⑧重庆区域空间整合态势良好。当然，本研究还存在诸多不足之处，如仅采用单一时间断面的数据，研究的预测性与推广性不足等等。这些未尽之处将在后续研究中逐步进行完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the constant improvements of Information infrastructure network andHigh-speed traffic infrastructure network, the time-space compression of information,population, cargo, technology, service, etc come true in the high speed flow channels.The space of flows arises, and challenges the existing logic of the space of placeconstantly. The logic of space of flows plays a more and more important role in socialand economic life in all kinds of time and space scales. Urban and regional space isthe same. Western Urban geography developed world city system, global city andworld city network theory. The research of space of flows in our country has a latestart. As it is known to all, the western society is under “post-industrialization”,“service economy” and”knowledge-based economy” background. But our country isin the acceleration of urbanization development stage, which we call the middle stageof urbanization. The social and economic background is the heavy industrializationstage, which manufacture industry is the main body. Therefore, even if we don’t takethe social and cultural influence into consideration, huge contrasts of“post-industrialization” and “heavy industrialization”,“service economy” and“substantial economy” throw doubt upon the universality of western experience underChinese time and space background.Basing on above realization, this study tries to make a discussion on theinterrelationship of space of flows and space of place theoretically, and carries out thesinicization and localization of the space of flows research through transmissionelements and transmission channels. Then, the study takes Chongqing as the casestudy area, and uses huge amounts of raw data of highway toll-gate to measure andmatch the associated network of districts and counties. Finally, it put forward somesolutions and suggestions on urban and regional organization and management,optimization of highway network.This study includes eight parts:Chapter One is the introduction part. It mainly discuses the research background,theoretical and practical significance of this study, main research methods, mainanalysis indexes and research technical courses. The social network analysis and itsindexes is the key point, and it laid theoretical basis for the following research.Chapter Two is the discussion of basic concepts and research underlay. This partmainly discuses the concepts of “Space”,”Flows” and “Urban and regional space”. Asone of the most classical concepts of Geography,“Space” is basis for thedeconstruction of Space of flows. Basing on the systematic explanation of “space”, itdiscusses the distinction and relations of space of flows and space of place.“Flows”isthe question that is unable to avoid for the research on space of flows. Theclassification, production mechanism, effect ion of flows constitutes the basicframework. It is the sally port of sinicization of space of flows research.”Urban andregional spatial structure” is the one of the foothold of Urban Geography research. This study expound in sequence “the Single-center circle structure”,“the multicenterhierarchy structure”,“the multicenter network structure”, and “the hierarchy-networkstructure” along the historical line of urban and regional spactial development andevolution.Chapter Three introduces the general situation of case study area and the main ideaof this study. This chapter is the underlay for the following research. First of all, itintroduces the general situation in the study area from four aspects: natural geographyprofile, social and economical profile, research scope and the sub-region classificationscheme of Chongqing. And then it carried on the further discussion on theparticularity of case study area from three aspects: the transmission elements, thetransmission channels etc of space of flows in Chongqing. Results show:①thetransmission content of space of flows in Chongqing is entity flow. Becausemanufacture industry is the main body of Chongqing industry;②Highway plays avery important role in space of flows operation channel in Southwest mountainousregion in China.Chapter Four is the research on network structure of districts and counties basingon highway cargo flows. This research follows the overall network to the sub-regionalnetwork route and discuses at different spatial scales. And then it subdivides into twolevels: overall network level and node level. Overall network analysis containsnetwork density, network central potential, core-edge structure analysis, restrictionanalysis, cohesive subgroups analysis, spatial relation distribution, the largest contactflow analysis and attracting scope analysis of key cities. Node level analysis containscentrality analysis, coreness analysis, structural position analysis, hierarchy partitionof node connection and estimation of functional structure.Chapter Five is the research on network structure of districts and counties basing onpassenger flows. This research also follows the overall network to the sub-regionalnetwork route and discuses at different spatial scales. And then it subdivides into twolevels: overall network level and node level. The analysis indexes are mainly the sameas the Chapter Four. But there are some special analysis indexes which are differentfrom the former, according to the particularity of passenger flows, such as thecohesive subgroups analysis and centrality analysis.Chapter Six is connection network fitting research basing on gravity model. Firstly,it built the theoretical connection matrix, using the gravity model. And then it makes acomparison with the network that is built by the actually measured data of highway.This research aims to verify the fitting effect of gravity model, and makes anamendment to the application range of gravity model and the selection of relevantparameters.Chapter Seven is the summary of the characteristics of passenger-cargo flownetworks and the optimization countermeasures for the networks. Firstly, this Chaptermakes a summary for the Chapter Four and Chapter Five. Secondly, it makes aInductive analysis for the whole passenger-cargo flow networks. Finally, it putforwards some optimizing countermeasures for the network.Chapter Eight is the end of the study. This chapter sums up the main conclusion ofthe above researches. Finally, it summarizes the invitation points and shortcomings of this study. There are eight main conclusions:①The task of localization of urban andregional research under the perspective of space of flows is very urgent, and it isfeasible.②The social network analysis is a beneficial supplement to traditionalgeographical analysis.③Highway is a very important operation channel for space offlows in Chongqing.④Longitudinal grade contact is the main stream, regionalconnection groups exsit extensively.⑤Passenger network tends to be consistent withadministrative level, while cargo network tends to be consistent with industry system.⑥Horizontal ties are the product of regional economic development at a certainhigher stage.⑦Traditional gravity model is not good at matching the horizontaltransverse connection.⑧The trend of regional spatial integration in Chongqing isgood. Of course, this study has many shortcomings. For example, it is only a singletime section research, and it has little predictability and so on. These shortcomingswill be overcome in the follow-up research.更多还原