【作者】 殷阿娜；

【导师】 王厚双；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 中国改革开放已有35年，从沿海开放到内陆开放，从货物贸易领域开放到服务贸易领域开放，从国外资本“引进来”战略到国内资本“走出去”战略，中国经济成功地实现了由封闭型经济向开放型经济的转变，带动了中国经济的“腾飞”。近年来，国内外经济形势和环境发生了深刻的变化。受世界金融危机的影响，全球经济失衡加剧，世界经济低迷成为新常态，国际贸易保护主义持续升温，国内制造业产能严重过剩，生产成本上升，资源短缺与环境责任问题日益突出，等等。中国开放型经济已站在了新的历史起点上，党的十八届三中全会强调全面深化改革并提出“构建开放型经济新体制”。在中国开放型经济深化改革大背景下，众多学者开始对中国开放型经济30余年的发展进行全面性、历史性的深入审读和研究，以期通过深入分析和查找问题来为中国开放型经济的进一步可持续发展提供参考依据和发展对策。本论文正是在这一历史大背景下，基于可持续发展理论、新开放经济宏观经济学理论以及国际分工等理论，在深入分析中国开放型经济的历史演进、发展的阶段性特征基础上，通过构建中国开放型经济绩效评估综合指标体系对中国开放型经济30余年发展绩效进行评价，以期通过绩效评估查找发展问题，继而在深入分析当前中国开放型经济面临的内外部条件基础上，为提高中国开放型经济的发展绩效提出相应对策，从而为中国开放型经济的发展规划、对策导向起到参考依据和政策建议的作用。本论文共分为七章，研究的主要内容有：第一章是绪论，阐述了论文选题的背景和意义，在对国内外研究现状进行评述的基础上，对开放型经济的内涵进行了界定，并提出了论文研究的思路、研究方法、研究内容以及论文的创新之处。第二章梳理和分析了指导中国开放型经济发展的基础理论，包括：可持续发展理论、国际分工理论、新开放经济宏观经济学理论以及新制度经济学理论。第三章从历史的脉络全面梳理了中国开放型经济30余年的发展历程，中国开放型经济发展史是一部改革创新史，伴随着一系列政策与制度的创新和变迁，因此，从历史发展的制度变迁角度梳理了中国开放型经济30余年的发展史，将中国开放型经济发展史划分为五个阶段：中国开放型经济政策的探索阶段（1978-1991）、中国开放型经济规范化制度形成阶段（1992-2001）、中国开放型经济制度国际化完善阶段（2002-2006）、中国开放型经济制度深化阶段（2007-2012）、中国开放型经济制度进一步深化创新阶段（2013-），分别从主要内容、发展的基本特征和取得的阶段性成绩三个方面进行了深入分析。第四章构建了中国开放型经济发展绩效综合指标体系。论文研究认为，随着世界经济的发展，开放型经济的内涵是动态发展的，其基本特征是：①开放型经济是与封闭型经济相对应的一种经济形态，两者之间有质的差别；②在开放型经济中，商品、资本、劳务、技术等要素可以较自由跨界流动，其流动性呈现不断增强，最终趋于和直至达到完全无限制；③参与国际分工，在全球范围内配置优化资源，生产效率不断提高；④政府基本按照市场经济的机制和规则进行管理活动，政府职能和市场机制不断协调。论文从开放型经济的内涵出发，基于开放型经济的广义角度，遵循全面性与突出重点相结合、科学性与可操作性相结合、动态性与稳定性相结合、整体性与独立性相结合、一般性与可比性相结合的原则，构建了中国开放型经济发展绩效综合评估指标体系，包含经济发展效益、社会发展效益和资源环境效益三个层面，下设共37个具体指标。第五章对中国开放型经济发展绩效进行了实证评估。根据中国开放型经济发展绩效综合评估指标体系，论文选取研究区间为1985-2012年，采集37项指标共28年的相关数据，运用主成分分析法对中国开放型经济发展绩效进行了评估，结果得出：中国开放型经济发展绩效已形成了明显的倒U型曲线特征，2006年中国开放型经济发展绩效得分最高，2007年后中国开放型经济发展绩效呈现出了不稳定的下降趋势特征，年同比下降速度在2007年、2008年和2011年均高达28%以上，2012年下降速度有所减缓，为3.7%，总体形势不容乐观。根据绩效评估指标数据特征，本章对近年来中国开放型经济发展绩效下降的原因进行了深入分析，认为主要原因有：经济增长速度下降，外贸与外资对经济增长的拉力下降，服务贸易发展落后、国际竞争力低，技术自主创新效益有所下降，劳动力就业弹性下降、就业压力提升，资源与环境压力增大等。第六章对中国开放型经济发展面临的内外部条件进行了分析。深入分析和了解了中国开放型经济目前所面临的外部机遇和风险、内部优势和劣势，以期为中国开放型经济绩效提高的发展对策研究提供分析基础。第七章对中国开放型经济发展绩效提高的对策进行了深入研究。分别从改革与创新管理体制、深入健全法律制度、加速推进政策创新、深入拓展对外合作、创新资源与环境发展战略五个层面提出了相应对策与建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s reform and opening up has been for35years, open from the coastal to theinland, from the field of trade in goods to the field of service trade, from foreign capital"bringing in" strategy to domestic capital "going out" strategy. China economy hassuccessfully realized the transition from closed economy to open economy, which led tochina’s economy "boom".In recent years, profound changes have taken place in the economic situation andthe environment at home and abroad. Affected by the world financial crisis, adding toglobal economic imbalances, the world economic downturn has become the new normal.International trade protectionism is on the rise, the domestic manufacturing industryovercapacity and rising production costs, shortage of resources and environmentalresponsibility issues have become increasingly prominent, etc. Chinese open economyhas been standing in the new historical starting point. The eighteenth plenary of the ThirdPlenary Session stressed that deepening the reform comprehensively, put forward"constructing a new system of the open economy".In the background of deepening China’s open economic reform, many scholarsbegan to do review and research through in-depth analysis on China’s open economicreform history which was more than30years of development, and to find the problem toprovide reference and development countermeasures for Chinese open economy’s furthersustainable development. This paper is under this background, based on the theory ofsustainable development theory, the new open economic macroeconomics theory and theinternational labor division theory, analysis in-depth the historical evolution and the stagecharacteristics of the development of the open economy in China. This paper evaluatedthe Chinese open economic performance for more than30years development byconstructing Chinese open economic performance evaluation index system. In order tofind the problems in the development of performance evaluation, this paper analyzed theinternal and external conditions in the Chinese open economy. Finally, in order toimprove Chinese open economic performance, it put forward correspondingcountermeasures so as to guide development planning and to play a reference and policyrecommendations for China. This thesis is divided into seven chapters, the main research contents include:The first chapter is the introduction, described the background and significance ofthe topic, based on the review of the status of research at home and abroad, put forwardthe thesis research ideas，the content，research methods and the innovation of the paper.The second chapter summarized and analyzed the basic theory guiding China’s openeconomy development, including: sustainable development theory, the theory ofinternational division of labor, the new open macroeconomic theory and the theory ofnew institutional economics.The third chapter comprehensively reviewed the development course of China’s30years open economy from the historical context. The history of the development ofChina’s open economy is a part of the history of reform and innovation, accompanied bya series of policy and institutional innovation and change. This paper reviewed thehistory of the development of China’s open economy for more than30years from theperspective of institutional change, China’s open economy development history wasdivided into five stages: the special policy exploration stage (1978-1991), theinstitutional formation stage (1992-2001), internationalization development stage(2002-2006), institutional deepening stage (2007-2012) and the stage of institutioninnovation (2013-), three basic characteristics are respectively from the main content,development and achieved initial results are analyzed.The fourth chapter set up a comprehensive index system of performance of Chineseopen economic development. The research shows that, with the development of theworld economy, the connotation of the open economy is a dynamic development, itsbasic characteristics are: The open economy is a form corresponding to the closedeconomy, have qualitative difference between the two; In an open economy, goods,capital, labor, elements of technology can be more free flowing across borders, itsliquidity has continued to strengthen and tended to no limit; the participation in theinternational division of labor, and optimizing the allocation of resources in the globalscope and increasing the production efficiency; the government carried out in accordancewith the basic mechanism and rules of the market economy, and government functionand market mechanism go to coordinate continuously. From the connotation of the openeconomy, based on generalized angle, following the principles of the combination of comprehensive and outstanding, scientific and operational, dynamic and stable, integrityand independence, generality and comparability, to build a comprehensive assessmentindex system for Chinese open economic development, which contains three aspects ofthe economic development performance, the social development performance and theresource and environment performance, which has a total of37specific indicators.The fifth chapter made an empirical evaluation of the performance of China’s openeconomic development. According to the comprehensive evaluation index system ofChina ‘s open economic performance, the paper selected the research range of1985-1985,37indicators were collected relevant data in a total of28years, using the principalcomponent analysis method to evaluate the performance of China’s open economydevelopment. Results: China’s open economic development performance has formed theinverted u-shaped curve characteristics obviously. China’s open economy developmentperformance scores the highest in2006, China’s open economic developmentperformance showed the characteristics of the instability of the decline after2007years.The year-on-year rate of decline in2007,2008and2011year up to more than28%, thedecline rate in2012slowed, by3.7%, the overall situation is not optimistic. According tothe characteristics of the performance evaluation index data, this paper deeply analyzedthe reasons for the performance decline in recent years in China ‘s open economicdevelopment, that the main reasons are: the economic growth rate is declining, foreigntrade and foreign investment to the economic growth has pulled down, service tradedevelopment lags behind and its international competitiveness is low, technologyinnovation efficiency has declined recently, the labor employment elasticity decline andemployment pressure increases, resources and environmental pressures increase, etc.The sixth chapter analyzed the internal and external conditions China’s openingeconomic development faced. Further analyzed the external opportunities and risks,internal strengths and weaknesses that China’s open economy is currently facing, providea basis for the development countermeasure research for improving China’s openeconomic performance.The seventh chapter made in-depth research on countermeasures and measures forimproving China’s open economic development performance. This paper proposed thecorresponding countermeasures and the suggestions from five aspects of developing the international cooperation, reforming and innovating management system, perfecting thelegal system, accelerating the innovation of the policy and innovating the resource andenvironment development strategy.更多还原