【作者】 霍晓姝；

【导师】 唐晓华；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 产业经济学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 装备制造业作为我国“工业的心脏”和制造业的核心要件，一直是社会物质生产的基本力量。2011年我国装备制造业无论是生产规模还是工业产值都已居全球首位，虽然我国已成为装备制造业大国，但我国装备制造业的市场竞争力相比于发达国家仍存在不小的差距，在我国产品进出口结构中，初级产品和中间投入品75%的进口比例，以及中间投入品和最终产品高达98%的出口比例表明我国参与全球分工体系的主要方式是加工组装产品，说明我国装备制造业的全球市场竞争手段仍停留在依靠劳动力成本优势，尚未形成技术竞争优势，进而造成价值链的巨额利润被拥有核心技术、产品品牌和销售渠道的发达国家所瓜分，使得我国装备制造业在产品价值利益的争夺过程中处于市场竞争的弱势地位。此外，外资企业在我国本土市场发展规模的持续扩张以及盈利能力的连年增长正不断的争夺我国本土企业的生存空间，导致我国本土装备制造企业陷入了市场竞争的被动局面，所以我国装备制造业发展规模扩张的背后面临着产品低端、技术依赖造成的市场势力缺失的客观事实。2014年初，李克强总理在两会提到：“中国经济要升级，出口产品也要升级，我们不能总是卖鞋袜、衣帽、玩具，中国装备走出去要在世界市场上接受竞争的检验，提质升级”。所以在这样的政治背景与经济环境下，分析我国装备制造业市场势力水平、探索如何提高我国装备制造业市场竞争优势是紧跟中国经济发展的一个重要研究命题。本文通过规范分析与实证分析相结合的方法，从市场势力测度、市场势力影响因素、市场势力提升机制、市场势力培育对策四个方面对我国装备制造业市场势力进行研究。首先，本文以集中度指标测度我国装备制造业市场势力水平。通过市场集中度指标发现，我国装备制造业市场集中度不足30%，按照贝恩和植草益等人对市场类型和市场势力研究的判断标准来看，无论是装备制造业还是子行业都属于竞争型的市场，市场竞争相对激烈，产品同质化现象仍然严重，虽然我国装备制造业的4位数行业中存在市场势力很高的情况，但我国装备制造业整体市场势力程度不高；通过区位熵指标发现，我国各省装备制造业市场势力强弱不均，市场势力相对较高的地区主要集中在科技水平较强的发达地区与沿海经济强省，以及国家产业扶持政策明显倾斜的地区；通过空间基尼系数发现，我国装备制造业目前市场势力水平较以前出现减弱趋势。其次，基于顶层因子分析我国装备制造业市场势力影响因素。本文先探讨并分析了影响装备制造业市场势力形成或变化的主要影响因素有哪些，再以这些影响因素为基础构建装备制造业市场势力影响因素系统的ISM模型。通过理论模型识别出技术创新是影响装备制造业市场势力的顶层因子，并通过实证分析检验得出顶层因子对我国装备制造业市场势力的影响具有长期的促进作用。再次，本文以创新为出发点分析我国装备制造业市场势力的提升机制问题。以模块化理论为研究基础，在价值链功能分解的基础上，增加了技术模块化的分解，形成装备制造业模块价值网络，其主要由零部件配套模块、系统集成模块、标准制定模块所构成。装备制造业标准制定模块通过标准创新获取其在研发领域的先发优势，通过标准竞争的方式，迅速占领市场技术标准的主导地位，形成技术壁垒，弱化或抑制市场在位者或潜在进入者的竞争威胁，实现自身市场势力的提升；装备制造业的系统集成模块依靠集成创新实现规模经济与速度经济，形成规模、成本市场竞争壁垒提升自身市场势力；装备制造业的零部件配套模块通过配件创新提高产品性能，更高程度的符合系统集成模块的界面规则要求，满足市场多样化需求，形成产品差异化竞争壁垒提升自身市场势力。通过这种层层递进式的三重创新实现我国装备制造业市场势力的提升，并以汽车产业为例进行案例说明。最后，在前文研究的基础上，本文凝练出我国装备制造业市场势力培育的对策建议，即“整合全球科技资源，提升技术获取能力；技术引进再创新，发展自身特色产品；整合产品销售渠道，实施品牌战略；以块状经济为载体，提高市场竞争合力；构建战略联盟，打造自主标准”的对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Equipment manufacturing industry as our country’s industrial heart and the coreelement of manufacturing industry, it has been the basic force of social materialproduction. Both in the scale of production and industrial production of the equipmentmanufacturing industry in China have been the first in the world in2011. Although Chinahas become a great nation in the equipment manufacturing industry, the marketcompetitive advantage compared to developed countries is still weak.75%of the importproportion in primary and intermediate products and98%of the export proportion inintermediate inputs and the final product show that the main way of participating inglobal division of labor system in our country is assembling products. In the globalmarket competition, Chinese equipment manufacturing industry still relying on lowerlabor cost, technology has not been formed a competitive advantage, and then the hugeprofits of the value chain is carved up by the developed countries, those with the coretechnology, product brands and sales channels. Thus, the equipment manufacturingindustry of China in the process of profit distribution is weak in market competition. Inaddition, because of the continued expansion of the scale growth and profitability offoreign companies, the living space for local enterprises in our country is decliningcausing by them in the development of China’s domestic market. So, the equipmentmanufacturing industry development in our country is faced with lack of market power.At the beginning of2014, Prime Minister Li Keqiang in the NPC and CPPCC mentionedthat “to upgrade China’s economy, the exports products also need to upgrade, we can’talways sell footwear, clothes, toys, and Chinese equipment should upgrade quality to goout and accepted in the world market inspection.” So, in this background of political andeconomic environment, to analyze the market power level and explore how to improveChina’s equipment manufacturing industry market competition advantage are importantpropositions that keeping up with the development of China’s economy. Therefore, thispaper will research on the market power of the equipment manufacturing industry ofChina from the four aspects of measuring market power, market power factors, the liftingmechanism of market power and the measures of market power. First of all, this paper analysis the equipment manufacturing industry in our countrymarket power level based on the concentration index. It found that China’s equipmentmanufacturing industry market concentration is less than30%. Both in the equipmentmanufacturing industry and sectors are all belonging to the competitive market, themarket is relatively competitive and the product homogeneity phenomenon is still serious.According to discriminate standard of related research with Bain and Uekusa, eventhough the four digits industry existed the high market power in the equipmentmanufacturing industry in our country, however, the overall level of the equipmentmanufacturing industry is not high, even very weak. It found that uneven strength ofprovincial equipment manufacturing industry in China market forces through locationentropy index. Strong scientific and technological level of developed areas and coastaleconomic strong province tend to have strong market power. Regional development isnot balanced. It also found that the equipment manufacturing industry in our country atpresent the level of market power is used to show the tendency of weakening throughspace Gini coefficient.Secondly, this paper based on the top factor of the equipment manufacturingindustry analysis the market power factors. It discussed and analyzed the maininfluencing factors affecting and changing the market power of the equipmentmanufacturing industry. And then, it built the ISM model for equipment manufacturingindustry market power factors system on the basis of these factors, and from thetheoretical model, it identified the technological innovation is the important factor. Andthen, it found that the top factor of the equipment manufacturing industry in our countrywith the influence of market forces has a long-term positive effect through the test.Thirdly, this article conducted how the innovation to improve the equipmentmanufacturing industry market power. Based on the modular theory, the model ofproduction and industrial organization of equipment manufacturing industry is no longerclassified by product chain, but increased the technique of modular in the base of valuechain classification to form the equipment manufacturing industry value network. Theequipment manufacturing industry value network has three elements, which aresupporting parts modular, system integration modular, and standard setting modular.Standard setting modular of the equipment manufacturing industry through the standard innovation get the first-mover advantage in the field of research and development, tooccupy the market dominance of technical standards quickly by the way of standardcompetition. The technical barriers can weak or curb the incumbent or potential entrantsin the market competition behavior to realize standard setting modular own market power.Depending on integrated innovation, the system integration modular achieves economiesof scale and speed of economy, to form the scale and cost barriers to increase its marketpower. Through the accessories innovation, the supporting parts modular improveproduct performance, which conforming to the interface rules of the system integrationmodular in a higher degree to meet the demand of market diversification, and to formproduct differentiation competition barriers to raise their market power. Therefore,through the type of the triple innovation to promote the market power of the equipmentmanufacturing industry in our country, and interpreted with the case in the auto industry.Finally, on the basis of study, this paper summed up the suggestions andcountermeasures, such as “integration of global resources of science and technology,access to enhance the ability of technology; the introduction of technology tore-innovation, access to format the local characteristics innovation; building strategicalliance, access to play the innovation synergistic effect; the massive economy as thecarrier, access to promote the innovation diffusion and sharing of resources; theimplementation of non price competition strategy, access to increase the marketcompetitive advantage ".更多还原