【作者】 黄娟；

【导师】 张兴国；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 当前，中国社会正发生着一场大规模的、整体性的、复杂的社会变迁，原有的平衡的社会结构被打破，种种利益矛盾日益突显，多元化、复杂化的利益诉求主体不断显现。在利益重新调整、社会资源重新分配的过程中，诸多不公正现象暴露出来，引发大量的社会矛盾与冲突，严重吞噬着改革所释放的社会活力，制约着整个社会的发展进步。如何实现社会公正以保障社会良性运行，已成为一个不可回避、亟待解决的问题。而制度作为人的一种存在方式，通过引导和规范人的行为，进而维持社会的有序运转，推动社会的发展进步。从这个意义上说，公正的实现必须落实到制度层面，即在实现公正的制度化的同时，还要保证制度的公正，唯有如此，才能真正避免公正的实现流于空想。正基于此，本文立足于中国当代社会转型急遽变化的大背景，运用马克思主义唯物史观和制度分析方法，从制度视域透析社会不公正现象及其原因，力求探索出一条实现社会公正的解决路径。本文着重从制度维度探究当代中国社会转型期公正问题，结构安排如下：一是公正、制度的基本理论。从公正的涵义界定入手，分析了公正与公平、正义、平均和平等的区别，阐述了公正的基本原则和基本类型。界定了制度的涵义和功能，论述了公正与制度的辩证关系，构建公正实现依赖于制度的理论基点。二是当代中国的社会转型与制度变迁。在阐释社会转型的涵义、内容和制度变迁的涵义、动力和方式的基础上，分别诠释了中国社会转型的独特性和制度变迁的整体性和复杂性，并以社会转型和制度变迁的辩证关系为理论依托，阐发了中国的社会转型其实质就是一种复杂的制度变迁，而社会转型的成功则有赖于一定制度条件的保障。三是当代中国社会转型期公正问题的突显。在梳理我国社会转型特点的基础上，分析改革开放以来我国在基本权利公正、机会公正、程序公正和结果公正方面取得的主要进展，在肯定成就的同时，客观地阐述改革开放以来在政治、经济、文化教育领域中公正缺失的主要表现。四是当代中国社会转型期公正问题的制度困境。本部分主要扎根于制度本身，而不是徘徊于制度之外，对我国社会转型期公正问题产生的原因进行深入透彻地分析。制度的公共性困境着眼于分析政府的本位利益与公共性规范之间的冲突，指出若处理不当会导致社会不公正；制度的有限性困境强调因制度主体的有限理性、制度自身的有限性，使得制度不是尽善尽美的，其缺陷会导致社会不公正；制度的权威性困境则重在分析因过于推崇制度、完全照章办事，导致手段与目的的脱节，在实践中产生不公正问题。五是当代中国社会转型期制度公正的实现条件和判断标准。主要从理论条件，即科学的人性假设；根本的物质条件，即符合社会物质生产状况；主体条件，即符合人的发展需要三个方面探讨了制度公正的实现条件，并从不同角度把制度公正的判断标准分为生产力标准、人的自由全面发展标准、历史性和普遍性标准。这三个标准是既相互独立又相互渗透，共同构成我国社会转型期判断制度公正的标准体系。六是当代中国社会转型期公正的制度构建。主要从应然和实然两个层面论证在社会转型期如何通过构建制度实现社会公正。就应然层面而言，重在从宏观视角、理念层面进行理论诠释；就实然层面而言，重在从微观领域的具体政策入手，构建公正实现的具体路径。总之，中国公正社会的构建是一项长期复杂的系统工程。随着社会转型进程的加快、加深，特别是各种思想文化价值观的碰撞需要我们不断地重新审视和设计制度，从而达到协调矛盾、抑恶扬善。当然，制度改革并不一定能够立刻带来显著的社会公正，但仅仅是改革本身也能够激发起人们对公正社会美好愿景的信心和希望，促进人们对公正问题的思考，并推动社会公正的解决，实现社会的进步。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, Chinese society is undergoing a large-scale, holistic, complex socialchange, previously balanced social structure is broken, all kinds of conflicts of interestgrowing, diverse and complicated interest groups emerging. During the interest ofre-adjust, re-distribution of social resources, many social injustices exposed, causing a lotof social contradictions and conflicts, seriously destroy social vitality, restricting thedevelopment and progress of the whole society. How to achieve social justice in order toprotect the normal operation of society, has become a problem to be solved. Institutionsas a kind of human existence, through guiding and regulating human behavior, canmaintain the healthy functioning of society, thus promoting the development of socialprogress. In this sense, the realization of justice must be built on the basis of theinstitution, namely the institutionalization of justice, we must ensure that the systemremain impartial, only in this way, we can avoid justice only become a dream. From thispoint, This article is based on the reality of China’s contemporary social transformationdrastic changes, using the Marxist materialism and institution analysis approach, explainthe social injustice from the sight of institution, and strive to explore a solution to thepath to achieve social justice.This article mainly explain contemporary Chinese society in transition from theinstitutional dimension, the Paper is organized as follows: First, the basic theory of justiceand institution. This section analyzes the meaning of justice, revealing the basicprinciples of justice and basic types. At the same time, defining the meaning and functionof institution, discusses the dialectical relationship between justice and the institution.Second, contemporary China’s social transformation and institutions change. Combinedwith social transformation and institutional change meaning, analyze the uniqueness ofChina’s social transformation and complexity of change of institution, based on thedialectical relationship between social transformation and institutional change, pointedout that the substance of China’s social transformation is a complex institutionschange.Third, contemporary Chinese society justice issues are outstanding. based onanalyzing main characteristics of the sort of social transformation,Describes the major achievements China has made since the reform and opening up in the fundamentalright,a fair chance of justice, procedural fairness and outcome fairness, etc. Whileaffirming the achievements, objectively describes some of the injustices existed since thereform and opening up in the political, economic, cultural and educational fields. Fourth,institution dilemma of justice in contemporary Chinese social society transition. Thissection is mainly rooted in the institution itself, rather than wandering outside theinstitution, thorough analyze of the issue of China’s social transition justice causes. Thedilemma of institution public focuses on the conflict between interest based governmentand public norms, noting if handled improperly can lead to social injustice; due to thelimited rational system of the body, the limited nature of the system itself, making thesystem is not perfect, its flaws will lead to social injustice; due to overly respectedinstitution, fully play by the rules, resulting in disconnection means and ends, resulting ininjustice in practice. Five, the conditions and criteria of contemporary socialtransformation justice system in China. Pointed out that the scientific assumption ofhuman nature, in line with social and material conditions of production, in line with thedevelopment needs of the people are important to achieve justice system conditions. Thejustice system criterion：productivity standards, free and comprehensive developmentstandards, historic and universal standards. These three criteria are both independent andmutual penetration; together constitute the social transformation of the system ofimpartial judgment standard system. Six， institution construct and justice ofcontemporary Chinese social transformation. Mainly from the ideal and factual twolevels demonstrate how to build the system to achieve justice. From the ideal level,analyze focusing from a macro perspective and the conceptual level; For the purposes ofthe Real level, from the microscopic field of specific policy, points out the specific pathto achieve justice.In short, the construction of China just society is a long complex systemsengineering. With the acceleration of the process of social transformation, especially thecollision of various ideological and cultural values,we need to constantly re-examine anddesign systems to coordinate conflicts, suppress evil and promote good. Of course, thereform does not necessarily bring immediate significant social justice, but only reformitself can inspire people to a better vision of social justice faith and hope, and promote people to think about issues of justice, and to promote social justice solutions to achievesocial progress.更多还原