【作者】 赵志强；

【导师】 马念杰；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学（北京） ， 采矿工程， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 大变形回采巷道围岩变形破坏实质上是由围岩塑性区的形成和发展引起的，塑性区的几何形态和范围决定了围岩的破坏模式和程度。以保德煤矿大变形回采巷道为工程背景，采用理论分析、现场测试、数值模拟、实验室试验和现场工程试验等综合研究方法，从巷道围岩塑性区形成和发展的角度，研究了大变形回采巷道围岩变形破坏机理和控制原理与方法。取得了如下主要创新成果：（1）推导出了不均匀应力场条件下圆形巷道围岩塑性区的边界方程，理论发现了“蝶形”不规则塑性区及其形成的力学机制，获得了应力场大小与方向、巷道断面形状、岩性组合等关键因素对巷道围岩塑性区形态的影响程度，理论分析与数值模拟、现场探测结果吻合；（2）获得了大变形回采巷道围岩塑性区形成及其随采动影响的发展规律，建立了巷道围岩塑性区形态与围岩变形量的定性关联性，揭示了“蝶形”塑性区随采动叠加应力场主应力方向旋转而引起回采巷道围岩非对称大变形的作用机理；（3）建立了大变形回采巷道的“支护-塑性区-围岩变形”关系，大变形回采巷道围岩塑性区和围岩变形基本处于“采动给定”状态，主要受采动叠加应力场控制，现有工程技术条件下提供的支护阻力很难控制围岩塑性区形态和变形；（4）提出了防止塑性区边界恶性扩展的大变形回采巷道围岩控制原理，并据此开发了可接长锚杆-普通锚杆协同支护技术，现场工程试验表明，该技术能够适应围岩大变形特征、不破断持续提供支护阻力、有效保持塑性区内破碎岩石稳定而防止塑性区恶性扩展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Deformation and failure of gateways with large deformation is essentially causedby the formation and development of plastic zone, the different geometry and scopedetermine the failure mode and degree of ground. Based on the engineeringbackground of gateways of Baode Mine, with the comprehensive study methods oftheoretical analysis, field tests, numerical simulation, laboratory tests and fieldengineering tests and from the view of the formation and development of roadwaysground plastic zone, mechanism of ground deformation and failure, and controlprinciples and methods of gateways with large deformation were studied. Theseinnovative achievements were gained:(1) Boundary equations of circle roadwayplastic zone in uneven stress field were derived, butterfly-shaped irregular plasticzone and its formation mechanical mechanism were theoretically found, influencedegree of some key factors, magnitude and direction of stress field, section shape ofroadway, lithological combination etc., to the plastic zone morphology, results oftheoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field detection were consistent;(2)Laws of formation and development induced by mining of the plastic zone weregained, qualitative relevance of plastic zone morphology and ground deformation were built, the mechanism of asymmetry large deformation induced bybutterfly-shaped plastic zone spin around the direction of principal stress wererevealed;(3) Relation of support-plastic zone-ground of gateways with largedeformation were built, the plastic zone and ground deformation was basically given,mainly influenced by mining superposition field, provided support resistance underexisting engineering and technology condition could hardly control the plastic zoneand deformation of ground;(4) Ground control principle of inhibit plastic zonetransfer from steady state into unsteady state were proposed, and developedcooperation support technology of bolt and docking bolt, field engineering testsshowed that, this support technology can adapt large ground deformation, providesustainable support resistance without failure, effective keep the broken rock withinplastic zone stable and prevent malignant expansion.更多还原