基于城市梯度模型的城市化与城市生态环境耦合研究

【作者】 李鸿奎；

【导师】 李雪铭；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 城市是人类各种经济活动的集中地，城市化是自然力、经济力、社会力和人力等多方面共同作用的结果，城市化的表现主要为城市人口数量增长、城市经济发展、城市社会进步和城市空间扩张等多个方面。城市化水平在一定程度上影响着城市生态环境，城市化水平越高提高，对生态环境的影响程度越强，城市生态环境形势令人担忧。从城市化与城市生态环境关系的角度出发，利用城市梯度模型和地理信息系统软件，研究大连城市化与城市生态环境的耦合协调作用机制，探讨大连城市化与城市生态环境相互作用的机理与发展规律，提出具有针对性的，适合大连城市发展的，切实有效的措施，对大连未来的城市发展和规划具有很强的理论和现实意义。城市梯度是一个内部结构关系错综复杂的城市发展系统，其子系统由自然、生态、人口、经济、社会、空间构成。城市梯度模型是随着时间和空间的演变，城市发展状况在某一方向上的变化率，具体表现为城市的人口、空间、经济、社会、生态等在城市发展轴线上的变化程度。地理学应用梯度理论解决实际问题的较少，而基于城市梯度模型的城市化和城市生态环境研究还未见出现。通过构建城市化与城市生态环境的指标体系，运用地理信息系统和空间信息矢量网格等技术，利用城市梯度模型，研究大连市城市化综合发展指数、城市生态环境综合指数以及城市化与城市生态环境耦合协调度，深入分析大连城市化与城市生态环境相互作用的机理与规律，提出切实有效的城市发展措施。通过选取大连市中山区、西岗区、沙河口区和甘井子区的39个街道353个社区的人口、经济、社会、生态、空间等数据，运用地理信息系统软件空间分析，综合得到以下结论：1、城市梯度模型基于广义梯度理论，综合考虑自然、经济、社会、人力、生态、制度等要素组成的复杂的城市系统，该模型可以有效表现城市化、城市生态环境和两者耦合协调发展梯度的空间格局特征，运用该理论能够很好地解释城市地理事物的时空变化机制，城市梯度模型可以成为城市相关问题研究的有效技术手段；2、大连市城市化梯度在1995年、2000年、2005年和2011年4年的时间断面上，在空间上呈现自东南到西北方向的递减趋势；随着时间的推移，这个梯度差异呈减小趋势，说明大连市内部城市化水平差异在缩小；从1995年到2011年，城市化梯度由中山区的中山广场、火车站，向西的沙河口区、甘井子区，以及向北的甘井子区，向西南的高新技术开发区梯度转移，总体上呈现单核-双核-全域城市化的发展进程。其中向北的梯度变化率最高，向高新技术产业园区的梯度变化较低，主要与城市产业布局相关。城市化梯度最高值位于站北街道和人民路街道，2011年最高值达到0.85，最低值位于南关岭街道1995年最低值为0.4。3、大连城市环境梯度从时间上看，可以分为两个阶段：第一，从1995年到2000年，大连城市生态环境整体处于较好的水平，仅在大连湾街道、甘井子街道等大型化工企业分布区出现梯度低值。第二阶段，2000年到2011年，随着大连市发展理念的转变，城市化水平不断向西部、北部跃升，主城区开发强度的增加，使得城市生态环境梯度低值以东部为圆心迅速向西、南方向推进。在2005年出现了短暂的城市生态环境指数低值区域，这与城市化步伐加快，城市管理步伐明显滞后有关，经过近几年产业结构的战略转型，以及产业调整，加大造林绿化，建设森林城市和环保模范城等措施的实施，大连的生态环境又开始走上了向好的趋势；4、从1995年到2011年，大连市的耦合协调度经历了从良好协调到勉强协调到轻度失调再到勉强协调的螺旋式前进模式，梯度变化趋势经历了从中山区的良好协调向西，向北梯度递减的趋势，但是向北的变化趋势明显快于向西的趋势。城市化与城市生态环境耦合协调度的梯度最高值位于人民路街道，2000年最高值为0.8，最低值位于南关岭街道，1995年最低值为0.4。更多还原

【Abstract】 City is the centre of human economic activities and urbanization is the forces of nature,economy, social forces, and human aspects of the result of joint action. Main performancesare the urban population growth, urbanization city economic development, social progressand the urban spatial expansion, and many other aspects. With the constant improvement ofthe level of urbanization, the impact of the urbanization on the ecological environment is alsogradually increasing. Especially urban ecological environment situation is worrying. From theperspective of relationship between urbanization and urban ecological environment, usingurban gradient model and geographic information system software, this paper researches onthe coupling coordination degree between urbanization and urban ecological environment ofDalian, discusses the mechanism of the interaction and law of development between them,and put forward pertinence, suitable, concrete and effective measures for the development ofDalian. It has a strong theoretical and practical significance for urban development andplanning for the future of Dalian.Urban gradient is a developing system whose relationship among internal structure iscomplex. Its subsystem consists of natural, ecological, population, economy, society andspace. Urban gradient model is the rate of change in a certain direction of the condition ofurban development with the evolution of time and space, embodied the degree of the changeof urban population, space, economy, society and ecology in the urban development axis. Ingeography there is little study to solve practical problem with the gradient theory. And it hasnot seen the research on the urbanization and urban ecological environment based on theurban gradient model.By constructing the index system of urbanization and urban ecological environment, theuse of geographic information system and vector space information grid technique, usingurban gradient model, this paper researched on urbanization integration index, the urbanecological environment comprehensive index and coupling coordination degree ofurbanization and urban ecological environment, analyzed deeply the mechanism of interactionand law between urbanization and urban ecological environment in Dalian, put forwardconcrete and effective measures for urban development. By choosing population, economy,society ecology and spatial data of39subdistrict353community in Zhongshan district,Xigang district Shahekou district and Ganjingzi district in Dalian, using geographicinformation system software to analyze spatial, this paper get the following conclusion:1. City gradient model based on generalized gradient theory, integrated natural, economic, social, ecological, and institution elements in the complex of city system. Themodel can effective performance urbanization, city ecological environment and both coupledcoordination development gradient of space pattern features. The theory is good to explainedcity geographic things of spatio-temporal changes mechanism and city gradient model canbecame city related problem research of effective technology means.2. Dalian urbanization gradient from Southeast to Northwest direction in the spacedecreasing trends in1995,2000,2005and2011;With the passage of time, this gradientdifference is on a reducing trend, which descriptions urbanization in Dalian difference is on anarrowing trend. From1995to2011in Dalian the change trend of gradient of urbanizationtransfered from Zhongshan square, railway station in Zhongshan district, west to areas inShahekou district and Ganjingzi district, north to areas in Ganjingzi district, southwest to theHigh-tech Development Zone. Among them to the north of the gradient change rate is highest,while the low gradient is to the high-tech industrial park, mainly related to urban industriallayout. Urbanization gradient peak located in Zhanbei sub-district and Renmin-roadsub-district (0.85in2001), while the lowest is located in Nanguanling subdistrict (0.4in1995);3. The time terms of Dalian City environmental gradients can be divided into two phases:the first, from1995to2000, the overall urban ecological environment in Dalian was in abetter level. The low value was on Dalian Bay Street and Ganjinzi Street where locatedlarge-scale chemical enterprise.The second phase, from2000to2011, as the policy of Daliandevelopment changes, urbanization high value spread to the West and North. As thedevelopment increased the strength of the main city, ecological gradient of low value took theEast of the city as the center and quickly advanced towards West and South directions. In2005, urban ecological environment index is low for a short while, which related to theacceleration of urbanization and urban lag-management. Through the strategic transformationof industrial structure in recent years, as well as the industry adjustment, and increasing theafforestation, the construction of forest city and environmental protection model city, theecological environment in Dalian restored to go to a good trend again. The high gradient ofurban ecological environment located in Laohutan sub-district (0.9in2000), the lowest inDalianwan sub-district (0.55in2011);4. From1995to2011, the coupling coordination degree in Dalian has experienced fromgood coordination to narrow coordination, then to slight incoordination, at last to narrowcoordination, a spiral forward model. The gradient change trend was gradually descendingtrend from good coordination in Zhongshan district to the west and north. Even more noteworthy the trend of north was changed significantly faster than it of the west. The highgradient of urbanization and urban eco-environment coupling coordination degree is locatedin Renmin-road sub-district (0.8in2000), the lowest is located in south street composition(0.4in1995).更多还原