【作者】 王新越；

【导师】 张广海；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放以后，我国旅游产业迅速崛起，为区域经济发展做出了突出的贡献,旅游产业已经成为我国经济发展的重要动力，对社会经济的影响逐步深化，经济、社会、文化、生态、组织等综合功能不断加强，呈现出“旅游化”的趋势。同时，伴随着城市化进程的不断加快，城镇人口规模的扩大，城镇经济的繁荣，城镇景观在空间上的拓展，城镇生活方式的普及等等，都为旅游活动的广泛开展提供了物质、文化等基础，也为旅游化的形成发展创造了必要条件。伴随着“十二五”产业结构不断调整深化，目前工业化对我国城镇化的主导作用已经开始减弱，尤其是东部发达地区先后进入了后工业化时代，第三产业已经成为它们未来城镇化发展的主要动力之一。旅游产业是服务业的龙头，具有较强的综合性和产业关联性，可以带动一系列相关产业的发展，形成社会经济发展的综合效应，因此，新型城镇化可以以旅游化为引擎，推动新型城镇化建设，同时城镇化的全面发展又可以进一步加速旅游化的进程，二者相互促进，从而实现旅游化与新型城镇化的协调发展。鉴于此，本文立足于旅游学、产业经济学、城市地理学、管理学的相关理论与方法，采用耦合函数法、聚类分析与灰色预测等定量方法，按照“内涵—机理－测度－协调关系—类型”的思路，比较系统地研究了我国旅游化与城镇化发展及其相互关系，以期为旅游产业发展与新型城镇化建设决策提供参考和借鉴。首先，根据世界旅游产业的发展趋势和我国旅游产业的规模与功能、战略性支柱产业的定位、未来经济社会发展的需要，阐明旅游化的产生与形成，并在现代旅游产业概念的基础上科学界定旅游化的内涵。旅游化就是指通过旅游活动与旅游文化的普及、旅游空间与领域的不断拓展、旅游产业要素发展完善、旅游产业与第一、二产业及其他第三产业的深度融合，在经济、社会、文化、教育、生态、组织等功能得以全面发挥的基础上，使其发展成为国家或区域支柱产业，并广泛提升居民生活品质的过程。因此，“旅游化”不仅是一种现象、一种过程，更是一种推动社会经济发展的重要动力和人们一种普遍的生活方式。通过分析旅游化与旅游产业化、工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化之间的关系，阐释传统城镇化与新型城镇化之间的差别，在此基础上解析旅游化与城镇化的相互作用机理，并根据旅游化与城镇化相互作用关系的强弱将二者相互作用划分为三种基本类型，即旅游化与城镇化良性互动型、旅游化与城镇化互动发展型、城镇化与旅游化互动萌芽型。然后，根据新型城镇化发展目标对城镇化的要求，从人口、经济、空间、社会、生态环境、生活方式、城乡一体化、创新与研发8个方面，构建城镇化评价指标体系；同时从旅游化内涵出发，统筹考虑旅游产业规模和旅游产业的经济、社会、文化、教育、生态、组织功能，构建旅游化评价指标体系；然后运用主成分分析法，遴选影响城镇化系统和旅游化系统的评价因子；运用熵值法对2000－2011年城镇化和旅游化评价体系的相关数据进行统计分析，确定各指标权重；再根据建立的旅游化、城镇化评价体系，测算我国31省市城镇化、旅游化发展水平，重点分析2000年以来各地区城镇化、旅游化差异的时空演变轨迹和结构性动因。研究表明，家用汽车的拥有量、国内旅游收入、人均公园绿地面积是与旅游化关系最为密切的三个因子。最后，根据2000-2011年我国31省市旅游化与城镇化发展水平的面板数据，进一步定量分析旅游化与城镇化相互关系。运用面板数据模型的方法确定旅游化与城镇化相互作用的动力机制；采用耦合函数法和协调发展度的方法，建立旅游化与城镇化协调发展关系评价模型，评价2000－2011年各地区旅游化与城镇化协调发展状况，分析其时空演变特征与影响因素。结果表明我国旅游化与城镇化二者正在逐渐由不协调向协调发展方向演进，东部地区已经形成旅游化与城镇化协调发展的隆起带，北京、上海和浙江是二者协调发展程度最高的地区。再对旅游化与城镇化协调发展关系的评价结果进行聚类分析，结合旅游化与城镇化相互作用关系类型的研究，将我国31省市旅游化与城镇化协调发展关系的现状，划分为旅游化与城镇化良性互动协调发展型、旅游化与城镇化互动发展初步协调型、城镇化与旅游化互动萌芽低度协调型3个基本类型，并选择典型地区对该种类型的发展模式运行效果进行预测与检验；再针对不同类型提出旅游化与城镇化协调发展的方向与主要动力，为国家和地区旅游化与城镇化协调发展提供辅助决策支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the reform and opening up, tourism industry of our country is booming,which has made outstanding contributions to the development of regional economy.The tourism industry has become a significant driving force for economic progress ofour country, and at the same time it plays a more and more important role insocioeconomy. Gradually, functions, for example the economic, social, cultural,ecological and organizational function, have been strengthening. The trend oftouristization emerges. With the fast progress of urbanization, the expansion of urbanpopulation scale, the prosperity of urban economy, the prolongation of urbanlandscape in space and the popularity of urban lifestyle not only have laid thesubstantial and cultural foundation for tourism activities, but also have creatednecessary conditions for the formation and development of touristization.With the persistent adjustment and deepening of industrial structure in the12thfive-year plan, the leading role, which the industrialization plays in the urbanizationof our country, has been weakening. In particularly, the developed eastern areas haveentered the post-industrial era one after another, and the third industry has becomeone of the main drive of urbanization development in the future. Tourism industry isthe leader of service industry. It is comparatively comprehensive and it has strongindustrial correlation, which can promote the development of a series of relatedindustries and will have the comprehensive effect of socioeconomic development.Therefore, new-type urbanization can regard touristization as an engine, promotingnew-type urbanization construction. Meanwhile, the process of touristization can beaccelerated further by the development of urbanization in an all-round way. Theypromote each other, and thus realize the coordination development betweentouristization and new-type urbanization. For that reason, on basis of some theoriesand methods regarding Tourism, Industrial Economics, Urban Geography andManagement, this article uses coupling function method, cluster analysis and greyprediction technology and follows the idea of “meaning-mechanism-measurement-coordination relation-type". The paper systematically studies the development andrelationship between touristization and urbanization in our country, which can offerreference for tourism industry development and new-type urbanization construction.Firstly, according to the development trend of world tourism industry, the scaleand function of tourism industry of our country, the location of strategic pillarindustry and the socioeconomic development needs in the future, this paper clarifiesthe emergence and formation of touristization and scientifically definites theconnotation of it on the basis of the concept about modern tourism industry.Touristization is a process, in which tourism industry can develop into the national orregional pillar industry and broadly enhance the living quality of the residents with the popularity of tourism activities and tourism culture, the expansion of tourismspace and field, the development of elements of the tourism industry, the highintegration between the primary industry, the secondary industry, other service sectorsand tourism industry, the full display of economic, social, cultural, educational,ecological, organizational functions. Therefore, touristization is not only aphenomenon or a kind of process, but also an important impetus which can promotethe socioeconomic development and a kind of lifestyle popular among people. Thisarticle differentiates traditional urbanization and new-type urbanization by analyzingthe relationship between tourism industrialization, informatization, urbanization,modernization of agriculture and touristization. Based on that, the paper analyzes themechanism of interaction between touristization and urbanization. According to thestrength of the interaction, the article divides the interactions into three basic types,such as benign interaction type, interactive development type and interactive buddingtype.Secondly, according to the request that the development goals of new-typeurbanization makes to urbanization, the paper establishes the evaluation index systemof urbanization from the aspects of population, economy, space, society, ecologicalenvironment, lifestyle, urban-rural integration, innovation, research and development.Meanwhile, this paper comprehensively considers the scale and the economic, social,cultural, educational, ecological, organizational functions of tourism industry in theperspective of the connotation about touristization. Based on that, the evaluationindex system of touristization is established. Then, this article selects evaluationfactors which have impacts on urbanization system and touristization system with themethod of principal component analysis. The paper makes statistical analysis of thedata from2000to2011in the two systems by the use of entropy method to determinethe weight of each index. According to the established system, the paper measures the31provinces and cities’ development level of urbanization and touristization, ofwhich the temporal and spatial evolvement contrail and structural reasons areanalyzed since2000. The research shows that touristization is closely related to thethree factors which are household car ownership, domestic tourism revenue and theper capita green area.In the end, according to the panel data of31provinces and cities’ developmentlevel of touristization and urbanization in our country from2000to2011, this articlequantitatively analyzed the relationship between touristization and urbanizationfurther. It determines dynamic mechanism of interaction between touristization andurbanization by using the method of panel data model. The evaluation model of thecoordination development relationship between them is established with the methodof the coupling function and coordinate development. The model is available forevaluating coordination development situation of touristization and urbanization ineach region from2000to2011, and it can be used to analyze temporal and spatialevolution characteristics and factors. The results show that the touristization systemand urbanization system are undergoing an evolving process that is the two aredeveloping into the coordination stage from the uncoordinated one. The eastern regionhas become the uplift belt of coordination development. Besides, Beijing, Shanghai and Zhejiang have been the highest ones on the belt. By the use of the cluster analysismethod and by referring to the study on the interaction between touristization andurbanization, and according to the present situation of the coordination developmentrelationship between them in31provinces and cities, they can can be divided intothree kinds. They are coordinated development type of interaction, the preliminarycoordinated type of interaction development and the budding and low-coordinateinteraction. The article chooses typical areas to predict and test the operation effectsof different types, and offers the prospective and main driving force of thecoordination development between touristization and urbanization, which can provideauxiliary decision support for our country and some regions.更多还原