【作者】 闫燕；

【导师】 姚颂平；

【作者基本信息】 上海体育学院 ， 体育教育训练学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 随着社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善，特别是党的十八届三中全会做出进一步深化改革的决定，高校高水平运动队作为我国竞技体育人才培养模式改革的新尝试，其实质是一方面把竞技体育人才培养融入拥有深厚文化底蕴的校园之中，开辟一条培养德智体全面发展竞技体育人才的新途径，另一方面也依此推动大学体育的改革和发展。所以加快高校高水平运动队的建设发展，努力构建与国际接轨、与教育改革相配套的高水平运动队科学管理体系，不仅是国家竞技体育体制改革，使竞技体育持续健康发展的需要，也是加快大学体育自身发展的需要。本研究以体育社会学、管理学、运动训练学和统计学等多学科理论为支撑，主要通过文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、案例分析法、内容分析法，统计分析法等研究方法，旨在研究我国高校举办高水平运动队的发展策略，探索一条既适应社会主义市场经济体制和符合高校办学规律性，也满足竞技体育改革需要的高水平运动队发展之路。主要研究结论如下：1．总结27中高校高水平运动队建设以来所取得的成绩与经验，发现目前高校高水平运动队发展中存在的主要问题包括：发展定位有待于进一步匡正、受现有竞技体育体制的制约有待于逐步得到解除、举办高校高水平运动队的理念有待于强化、高校高水平运动队的运动员身份有待于明确界定、高水平运动队的教练水平有待于提升、高校高水平运动队后备人才生源有待于优化、对高校高水平运动队的保障有待于加强。2．按照2005年教育部和国家体育总局文件精神，在整个高校高水平运动队的建设过程中需要稳步扩大规模，努力提升办队质量，同时应当充分顾及体育院校的高水平运动队，将其作为高校高水平运动队的重要组成部分统一进行规划和建设，不能因为隶属和注册关系不同，而将其排斥在外。3．我国高校高水平运动队的持续发展应当遵循自身发展的规律性特征，紧密依靠和联系城市经济、社会和教育事业的发展。这些规律性特征是指选项符合运动项目年龄规律性、符合大学生体育兴趣和受他们广泛青睐、符合大学生群体的基本特点，运动训练具有鲜明的“集约型”、“知识型”和“科技型”特点，目标指向培养德智体美全面发展的优秀竞技人才。4．要加快推进高校高水平运动队的建设，关键在于坚持改革创新。对于政府部门，需要制度创新，为高校建设高水平运动队营造良好的社会发展环境，赋予高校相应的自主权和给予一定的优惠政策予以扶持和鼓励；对于高校自身，需要更新观念，充分认识高校举办高水平运动队的意义和作用，遵循举办高校高水平运动队的规律性，准确定位，力争建设一支真正高水平的运动队，成为学校的传统强项和品牌。5．高校高水平运动队的发展目标定位：培养“知识型”、“文化型”的优秀竞技人才；引领校内学生体育活动开展；增强师生的向心力；服务学校发展目标。6．高校高水平运动队的学生运动员身份定位：具有该校在籍全日制本科生或研究生身份，职业前，没有固定工资收入的大学生。7．高校高水平运动队的体育项目定位：备受本校师生喜爱并逐步发展成为本校的传统强项；符合体育项目自身的年龄规律性；符合高等院校学生的特点；充分顾及国家和城市竞技体育发展的战略需要；充分顾及可能在中小学广泛普及开展的项目。8．高校高水平运动队发展模式：体制内和体制外。体制外模式是今后高校高水平运动队发展的目标模式，但在目前的大环境下，尚难对两种运作模式的适宜性作出确切的判断，仍需要实践探索和尝试。同时，受大学生年龄、运动项目的可推广特点等因素的制约，高校高水平运动队目前仍然难以解决所有项目专业运动队退出机制的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the socialist market economic system continues to improve, especially as theThird Plenary Session of the eighteenth CPC Central Committee decided to furtherreform, collegiate elite sport teams are treated as the new attempt to reform the elitesport training model in China. In substance, on the one hand the sports talentscultivating integrate into campus has a rich cultural heritage, open up a new way todevelop all-round development of sports talents, on the other hand, to promote reformand development of collegiate sports. Therefore, to speed up the construction anddevelopment of collegiate elite sport teams, and to build scientific managementsystem of elite sport teams that match up with international standards and theeducational reform, is not only the requirement of the reform of Chinese elite sportmanagement system which contributes to the sustainable development of thecompetitive sports, but also the requirement of the development of collegiate elitesport itself.This study is based on theories of sports sociology, management, sport trainingand statistics, by methods of literature review, expert interview, questionnaire, casestudy, content analysis and statistical analysis. The purpose of this paper is to studythe developmental tactics of collegiate elite sport teams in China, and to find a waythat can adapt to the socialist market economic system and comply with the law of thedevelopment of college, at the meantime, meet the needs of the development ofcollegiate elite sport teams.The main results of this study are as follows:1．According to the summary of27years’ achievement and experience gotfrom the college elite sport teams, a series of problems have been found: thedevelopment orientation needs to be corrected; the constraints of presentcompetitive sports need to be removed; the ideas of holding college elite sport teamsneed to be strengthened; the identity of college elite sport teams players need to bedefined clearly; the coaches’ abilities need to be improved; the pool of potentialcollegiate elite athletes needs to be optimized; the guarantee for college elite sport teams need to be reinforced.2． According to the file spirit of2005National Educational Department andGeneral Administration of Sports, the development of the whole college elite sportteam need to be scaled up steadily and improve its quality of sports teams. Meanwhilesports colleges’ high level sports teams should be planed and built as one importantcomponent of college elite sport teams and they can not be excluded because ofdifferent affiliation and registration relationship.3．The sustainable development of Chinese college elite sport teams shouldfollow its own development characteristics and depend closely on the city’s economic,social and educational development. The regular features of the development ofChina’s collegiate elite sport teams are: the sports chosen should comply with the age,the interests of the college students and their likeness, the feature of college studentsgroup, the feature of the training are "Intensive type","knowledge" and "high-tech",and the goal is to train excellent athletes with all-round development.4. To accelerate the construction of College elite sport teams, the key is to persistin reform and innovation. For government departments, it needs institutionalinnovation, to create a favorable social developmental environment for college tobuild high performance sports teams, give the necessary autonomy to colleges, andgive some preferential policies to support and encourage; for colleges themselves,they need to renew their perceptions, fully understand the role and significance ofCollege Athletes, follow the rules, define their positions accurately, and strive to builda true high-level sports teams which can become the traditional strengths and brandsfor colleges.5. The development targets of collegiate elite sport teams are: developing a"knowledge-based","cultural type" outstanding athletic talent; leading sportsactivities for the college students; enhancing the centripetal force of the teachers andstudents; serving the Goals of the colleges.6. The identification of the collegiate elite athletes: full-time undergraduate orgraduate students who have no fixed salary incomes. 7． The sports events positioning of collegiate elite sport teams: sports eventsshould be popular among teachers and students and become the school’s traditionalsports; comply with the sport’s own law of age; comply with the characteristics ofcollege students; fully take into account the strategic needs of the country and thecity’s sports development; take full account of the sport that carry out widely inprimary and secondary schools.8. The patterns of developing collegiate elite sport teams include both the insideand the outside pattern. The outside institution pattern is the ideal one for the futuredevelopment of the collegiate elite sport teams, however, under currentmacro-circumstance, it is difficult to determine which pattern is better, therefore,further studies and attempts are needed. At the same time, given the restraints ofcollege students’ age and the sports events’ promotion possibility, it’s still difficult forcollege elite sport teams to solve the problem of all the sports events professionalteams’ exit strategy.更多还原