【作者】 卢跃东；

【导师】 虞定海；

【作者基本信息】 上海体育学院 ， 民族传统体育学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 公共体育服务关乎公众身体健康和生活幸福，是综合国力和社会文明进步的重要标志，是精神文明建设的重要内容，是全面建设小康社会的重要组成部分。目前，我国公共体育服务发展严重滞后于竞技体育，存在着基础设施匮乏、区域间差异显著和城乡二元结构等问题。目前，我国公共体育服务质量不高、效果不明显、服务效率较低，难以满足公众体育锻炼的实际需求。公共体育服务绩效评估，是增强政府公共体育服务意识、提高政府公共体育服务能力和提升政府公共体育服务质量的重要手段。本文以“文献调研——概念界定——指标构建——实际测评——影响因素——政策建议”为研究技术路线，对公共体育服务绩效的概念与结构要素、公共体育服务的测评指标体系、公共体育服务绩效的实际测评、公共体育服务绩效的影响因素等关键性问题进行深入研究，以期丰富拓展公共体育服务的理论研究，为建立健全我国公共体育服务体系和提升公共体育服务绩效提供理论与实际依据。在文献调研和理论研究基础上，提出了公共体育服务绩效的概念构思与结构要素理论模型。根据所构建的理论模型，研究确定了公共体育服务绩效的理论测评指标，采用鉴别力分析和相关分析对理论指标进行实证筛选，建立了公共体育服务绩效的实际测评指标。基于公众满意度视角，采用LIKERT七点量表法，编制了具有较高信度和效度的“我国公共体育服务绩效测评及其影响因素研究”的调查问卷。共发放调查问卷800份，回收有效调查问卷515份，约占调查问卷总数的84.38%。有效调查问卷涉及到全国21个省、市、自治区，具有较强的代表性。以SPSS统计软件为分析工具，运用主成分分析方法对公共体育服务绩效和各个维度绩效进行实际测评；运用方差分析方法对公共体育服务绩效的区域差异性进行统计显著性检验；运用因子分析方法验证公共体育服务绩效的影响因素；运用回归分析方法考察了各个影响因素对公共体育服务绩效的影响强度，并构建了相关的回归模型。主要研究成果集中体现在以下六个方面：第一，公共体育服务绩效的概念构思与结构要素。通过对公共体育服务的概念和内涵的文献调研，提出了公共体育服务绩效的概念构思。依据公共体育服务绩效的概念构思，以及公共体育服务的基本特征，研究确定了公共体育服务绩效的结构要素，包括服务规模、服务质量、服务效果以及服务效率四个方面。第二，公共体育服务绩效的测评指标。根据公共体育服务绩效的概念构思与结构要素，基于公众满意度的视角，建构了包含服务规模、服务质量、服务效果和服务效率四个维度的公共体育服务绩效的理论测评指标，通过鉴别力分析、相关分析、专家会议修正等多种方法，对公共体育服务绩效的理论测评指标进行实证筛选，最终形成由24个具体指标构成的公共体育服务绩效的测评指标体系。第三，公共体育服务绩效的实际测评与比较分析。运用主成分分析法对我国公共体育服务绩效进行实际测评，结果显示：我国公共体育服务绩效综合测评值是3.25，公共体育服务规模、服务质量、服务效果和服务效率四个维度绩效测评值分别为3.02、3.17、3.78、3.39。总体而言，我国公共体育服务绩效及各个维度绩效社会公众满意度偏低，均处于中等偏下水平，这说明社会公众对政府提供的公共体育服务满意度较低，有待进一步改进和提高。方差分析结果表明，我国公共体育服务绩效在区域上存在着统计显著性差别。第四，基于因子分析的公共体育服务绩效的影响因素研究。在充分的文献调研基础上，提出了公共体育服务绩效的五个影响因素：公共体育服务能力、服务精神、组织管理、受体特征和政府形象。运用探索性因子分析法验证了公共体育服务绩效的影响因素，并揭示了影响因素与测量项目之间的关联性。第五，基于回归分析的公共体育服务绩效的影响因素研究。以公共体育服务绩效为因变量，以公共体育服务能力、服务精神、组织管理、受体特征和政府形象为自变量，以年龄、性别、居住时间、区域经济发展等因素为控制变量，运用回归分析方法考察了各个影响因素对公共体育服务绩效的影响程度，并构建了相关的回归模型。结果表明，五个影响因素对公共体育服务绩效的影响程度依次分别为：“政府形象”（0.879）、“服务能力”（0.846）、“组织管理”（0.796）、“公共体育服务精神”（0.462）和“公共体育服务对象特征”（0.146）。第六，制定了公共体育服务绩效的优化路径。根据实证研究结果，借鉴国内外先进经验，从多元驱动模式、管理制度体系、服务意识、公众参与机制，以及资源配置均等化等五个维度，研究制定了我国公共体育服务绩效的优化路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Public sports servicematters a lot inpublic health and happiness.It’s an importantsymbol ofcomprehensive national strength andsocial civilization,anessential part ofspiritual civilization, and also irreplaceablein building “moderately prosperoussociety”. At present, in China, compared with competitive sports, the development ofpublic sports service is badly lagged behind,withthe lack of infrastructure, significantdifferences between regions, urban-rural dual structure and other problems.Andnow,public sports serviceis still in low quality, with low service efficiency, and little effect,thus, it can hardly meet the needs of the public physical exercise.Public sports serviceperformance evaluation is a vital means to enhance the government’s public sportsservice consciousness, and improve the government’s ability of public sports serviceand the quality of public sports service.This paper unfolds as follows,“literature review-concepts definition-indexbuilding-actual assessment-factors research-policyrecommendations”,intensivelystudying the key issues, such as the concept andstructural elements of public sports serviceperformance,evaluation system,actualevaluation and factors,in order to enrich the theoretical development of public sportsservices research, and also provide theoretical and practical basis for establish andimprove public sports service system and improve the performance of public sportsservice.Initially, the conceptof public sports service performanceis clarifiedinviews ofprevious research, and a structural elements modelis built in this part. According tothe theoretical model,weidentified the theoretical index of public sports serviceperformance, using discrimination and correlation analysis toempirical screen theindicators, then established the finalindicators of public sports serviceperformance.On the basis of public satisfaction perspective, a surveyquestionnairewith high reliability and validityisdesigned,using LIKERT seven-pointscale.During the survey,800questionnaires were distributed, and515validquestionnaires were recovered, accounting for84.38%of the total questionnaires, which covered21provinces in China. Based on the data, this paperemployed theSPSS statistical software as analysis tools, using principal component analysis methodto analyze the actual performance public sports service and each dimension ofit;conducting a significance testof the regional differences in public sportsserviceperformancethrough ANOVA; using factor analysis method to verify factors ofpublic sports service performance; investigatingthe impact of various factors on theperformance using regression analysis and constructed the associated regressionmodel. The most important findings are as follows:1.The concept and structural elements of public sports service performance.Through the literature research of public sports services concept and content, thepaperproposed the concept of public sports service performance. Then based on theconception of public sports serviceperformance, and the basic characteristics of publicsports serviceas well, this paper identified the structural elements of public sportsservice performance, including the scale of services, the quality of service,effectiveness and efficiency.2.Public sports service performance evaluation index. According to the conceptand structural elementsof public sports service performance, the study constructedatheoretical index of public sports service performance with4dimensions,the scale ofservices, the quality of service, effectiveness and efficiency, based on the perspectiveof public satisfaction.Using discrimination and correlation analysis,expert meetingsand other methods to empirical screen the indicators,a24-indicatorindex system ofpublic sports service performance is ultimately constituted.3.Public sports service performance evaluation and comparative analysis. Theprincipal component analysis isused for the actual evaluation, and the results showsthat: the public sports service performance comprehensive evaluation value is3.25,the scale of public sports services, quality of service, effectiveness and efficiency ofthe servicemeasurement values are3.02,3.17,3.78, and3.39. Overall, China’s publicsports service performance and the various dimensions’ public satisfaction levels arelow, andall in the middle level, which shows the public satisfaction on thegovernment to provide public sports service is low, and desideratesto be furtherimproved and enhanced. Variance analysis also showed that there is a statisticallysignificant differencein the area of public sports serviceperformance.4.Factor analysis of public sports service performance factors. Based onliterature review, public sports service performance’s five factors are proposed: public sports service capabilities, service spirit, organization management, receptorcharacteristics and governmentimage. The researcher verified the factors of publicsports service performanceusing exploratory factor analysis， and revealed thecorrelation between the influence factors and the measurements.5. Regression analysis of public sports service performancefactors. Setting theperformance of public sports service as the dependent variable，public sports servicecapabilities, service sprit, organization management, receptor characteristics andgovernment image as independent variables, and age, gender, residence time, regionaleconomic development and other factors as control variables, regression analysis isused to examine the impact levels of various factors on public sports serviceperformance and construct the associated regression model as well. The results showsthat five factors in decreasing order are“governmentimage”(0.879),“servicecapabilities”(0.846),“organization management”(0.796),“service spirit”(0.462) andthe “receptor characteristics”(0.146).6. Policy recommendations of public sports service performance optimized path.According to empirical results, as well as the advanced experience from domestic andoverseas,the optimized path is studiedand given inthe five dimensions, multiple drivemode, management system, service awareness, public participation mechanisms, anddistribution equality of resources.更多还原