宁夏限制开发生态区主体功能细分及其区域发展模式研究

【作者】 杨美玲；

【导师】 周民良； 李同昇；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 人文地理学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,在我国经济整体实力显著提升的同时,国土开发无序、区域发展失衡成为影响我国持续健康协调发展的主要问题。针对我国部分地区国土空间开发无序性等问题,为优化国土空间开发格局,加快生态文明建设,国家在“十一五”规划纲要中提出,要按照全国经济合理布局的要求,以区域资源环境承载能力、现有开发强度和发展潜力为依据,确定不同区域的主体功能,在此基础上明确区域开发方向,规范区域开发秩序,控制区域开发强度,从而形成可持续的区域发展格局。据此,“十一五”规划中从国家层面按开发方式将国土空间划分为优化开发区域、重点开发区域、限制开发区域和禁止开发区域四类。继“十一五”规划提出主体功能概念之后,我国在“十二五”规划中提出要推进主体功能区建设,并把实施主体功能区战略与实施区域发展战略放在等量齐观的位置。限制开发生态区作为我国主体功能区划下的一种类型区,是指生态环境对社会经济承载能力较弱,不适宜大规模人口和产业集聚,但对全国或较大区域范围生态安全有重要影响的区域。以空间开发为导向的主体功能区划,其划分结果体现的是区域主体功能,但主体功能并不排斥区域其他非主导功能,限制开发区并不意味着全境均限制开发,限制开发也不是限制发展,一些资源环境条件较好的区域可在生态保护优先基础上进行点状开发、适度开发。限制开发生态区往往也是少数民族聚居地区,经济发展相对滞后,如何在国家生态补偿政策的基础上,在资源环境承载能力范围内构建区域内生式发展的产业体系和发展模式,是限制开发生态区面临的重要问题。限制开发生态区主要位于地域广阔的西部地区,现有以县(市)级行政区域为基本研究单元的区划,考虑的是县内的同一性,忽视了县内的差异性,势必造成同一类型区内部差异较大,导致研究结果的科学性和可操作性不强,有必要在更小尺度上进行相关细分研究。论文探讨了限制开发生态区主体功能细分及区域发展的理论与方法,并以宁夏限制开发生态区为例进行了实证研究。主要内容包括：(1)在对相关研究进行梳理的基础上,认为限制开发生态区主体功能细分及区域发展应以地域分异理论、空间结构理论、人地关系地域系统理论、可持续发展理论、生态经济理论、景观生态学等理论为基础。(2)从细分原则、细分单元选择、指标体系构建、细分方法选择等方面系统研究了限制开发生态区主体功能细分的理论与方法,按照限制等级将限制开发生态区分为禁止开发区、强限制开发生态区、中限制开发生态区、弱限制开发生态区四类,以宁夏限制开发生态区为例进行了主体功能细分研究的实证分析。为了充分体现区内的相似性和区间的差异性,以乡镇为基本研究单元,分别运用综合指数法和景观格局法对限制开发生态区进行主体功能细分,并结合专家意见及区域发展战略对两种方案进行叠加修正,得到限制开发生态区主体功能细分的最终方案。(3)主体功能细分下宁夏限制开发生态区发展机制分析。在主体功能细分基础上,研究了不同类型区区域发展的制约因素和发展动力。(4)基于主体功能细分的宁夏限制开发生态区发展模式选择。根据生态优先、防治结合、比较优势、因地制宜和地域差异原则,构建了四类地区各具特色的区域发展模式。禁止开发区区域发展的典型模式为生态补偿、生态旅游、生态草畜产业、苗木花卉产业型等；强限制开发区区域发展的典型模式为生态移民、小流域综合治理、高效节水设施农业型等；中限制开发区区域发展的典型模式为劳务移民、基础设施建设带动、现代农业型发展模式；弱限制开发区区域发展的典型模式为现代农业、生态工业、新型城镇化型发展模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 In view of the disorder problem in the field of land spatial development, in order to form a highly efficient, coordinated and sustainable land spatial development pattern, in the "11th Five-Year Plan" China proposed to determine the main function of different regions according to the requirements of rational distribution of the national economy, the carrying capacity of resources and environment, and the intensity and potential in current development. As the base above all to make a clear direction of regional development, standardize the order of regional development, and control the intensity in regional development, thus forming sustainable regional development pattern. Accordingly, in the "11th Five-Year Plan" the land space is divided into the optimized development areas, the key development areas, the restricted development areas and the prohibited development area by developing ways and from the national level. After that, China in the "12th Five-Year Plan" clearly put forward to promote the construction of the main functional areas, and put the strategy of the main functional areas as important as the strategy of the regional development.The restricted development areas as a type of the main functional areas mean that ecological carrying capacity of these areas are weak for the social economy, but have the important ecological security effect on the whole country or the large areas. These areas are often the focus on ecosystem services, and at the same time can develop eco-industries or other industries properly within the scope of the carrying capacity of resources and environment. Spatial development-oriented MFOZ, which is reflected in the results of the regional division of the main features, but the main function does not exclude other non-dominant function, it didn’t mean that the whole territory of the restricted zone are restricted development, restricted development is not restricted development, those areas which have better conditions in resources and environmental can be developed in eco-point protection on a priority basis, moderate development. The restricted development areas also are ethnic minority inhabited areas where the economic development is lagging behind. In this context, these areas are limited massive industrialization and urbanization for maximizing the ecological functions through corresponding financial transfers and ecological compensation and other measures. But the restricted exploitation does not mean the restricted development, just means restricted the content and intensity of development. The sustainable development in these areas rely solely on ecological compensation is difficult to achieve. So, how to build an endogenous industrial system and development model within the carrying capacity of resources and environment has important theoretical significance and application value to the ecological protection, the sustainable development and the ecological functions of ecological functions. The restricted development of ecological zones are mainly located in vast western region, the existing county (city) level administrative region division unit basic research, to consider the prefecture identity, ignoring the differences prefecture, will inevitably result in the same type internal zone differences, resulting in findings of scientific and operability is not strong, it is necessary to carry out the relevant segments on a smaller scale studies.The paper discusses the development of the main functional limitations segmentation and regional development theory and methods of ecological zones, a case study in the limited development of ecological areas in Ningxia. The main contents and conclusions of the study are as following:(1) On the basis of carding the related studies,the paper consider that regional differentiation theory, spatial structure theory, man-land relationship theory, the theory of sustainable development, ecological and economic theory, landscape ecology theory, et al can be the theoretical basis for the restricted development areas to subdivision and regional development.(2) From the principle of subdivision, subdivision unit selection, index system, segmentation method selection and other aspects to study the subdivided main theories and methods of the ecological zones, according to the class of retriction divide the region into prohibited zone, strong restrctions, medium restrictions,low restrictions. Study Ningxia as an example of the empirical analysis. In order to fully reflect the range of regional similarities and differences, the article select the township as the basic research units, respectively use the comprehensive index method and landscape pattern method, combined with expert advice and strategies for regional development to get the final subdivision plan.(3) Research on the development mechanism within the subdivision of the restricted development areas in Ningxia Province. Based on the subdivision of the main function, the limited factors and development driving force are researched.(4) Research on the development model within the subdivision of the restricted development areas in Ningxia Province. According to the principles of ecological priority and prevention-treatment integrated, the comparative advantage, right crop for right land and the areal variation, the study build the distinctive development model for the four areas. The typical pattern in the prohibited areas is ecological compensation, eco-tourism, eco livestock industry and seedlings flower industry, etc.; the typical pattern in the strong-restrictive ecological areas is eco migration, integrated watershed management, efficient water-saving facility-agriculture, etc; The typical pattern in the medium-restrictive ecological areas is labor migration, infrastructure, and modern agriculture, etc; The typical pattern in the weak-restrictive ecological areas is modern agriculture, ecological industry and new urbanization, etc.更多还原