陕南地区生态移民搬迁的成本研究

【作者】 吕静；

【导师】 任宗哲；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 公共经济学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 我国西部地区的生态移民是一项牵扯环境、资源、经济、社会等各个方面的庞大工程,移民的搬迁关系到区域经济、社会与生态的可持续发展问题,生态移民是解决生态环境和消除贫困的最有效办法之一。陕南地区位于陕西省的南部,从东往西依次是商洛、安康、汉中三市,辖内包括28个县(区)大约920万人,人口总数为陕西省总人口的四分之一。陕南地区是陕西省地质和山洪灾害的高发区,其中地质灾害的频发区占到陕南地区总面积的50%以上,以至于大量的群众都生活在有安全隐患的山区。2011年陕西省省委和省政府决定对陕南地区的群众进行生态移民搬迁,将生活在山区和地质灾害区的人群搬迁到生存环境优越的地区,是保护自然环境的必然选择,也是消除地区贫困的重要措施。本文以陕南生态移民作为研究对象,从成本的角度作为切入点,研究在整个移民搬迁过程中的成本付出问题,首先阐述了生态移民的理论基础,认为人口迁移理论、交易成本理论和人力资本理论是生态移民的理论基础。其次分析了陕南地区生态移民的缘起和现状,从陕南地区的自然地理特征、经济社会特征和自然灾害概况分析中得出陕南地区生态移民搬迁是十分必要的,进而研究了陕南生态移民搬迁的背景、特点和现状,指出其搬迁的重要意义。第三从货币成本角度分析政府和移民在搬迁中的成本负担情况,其中政府的货币成本包括安置成本、公共设施成本和行政成本,移民的货币成本包括安置成本、生活成本、就业成本和机会成本。第四从非货币成本角度分析政府和移民的成本负担情况,其中政府的非货币成本包括公信力、社会稳定性和环境成本,移民的非货币成本包括心理成本、社会关系网络和风险成本。最后分析了政府与移民在此次搬迁中的收益情况,其中政府的收益包括生态收益、经济收益和社会收益,移民的收益包括短期收益和长期收益。通过对搬迁成本和收益情况的分析,发现其中存在资金、后续产业开发和移民教育培训的问题,提出相关的对策解决问题。本文的主要研究结论为政府和移民二者的货币成本负担主要集中在安置成本方面,也就是建房费用。非货币成本是一种隐性成本,它对移民搬迁工程有着长远的影响,在移民工程中政府和移民都需处理好隐性的非货币成本。通过对搬迁成本的分析,政府的主要困境集中在资金缺失及资金有效利用方面,移民的主要困境集中在建寿资金的不足及后续生计问题。通过对移民搬迁过程中的成本研究,分析影响移民搬迁的重点影响因素,以此为今后几年政府在进行搬迁时成本的投入量作以参考,成本的投入有所侧重点,也期望为区域生态移民的搬迁提供一定的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The western region’s ecological migration is a large project in our country, it involves environment, resource, economy, society and so on. The removal of immigrants is related to the regional economic, social and ecological sustainable development problems. Ecological migration is the most effective way to solve the ecological environment and eliminate poverty. Southern Shaanxi is located in the south of Shaanxi province, it includes three cities, and the name is ankang, shangluo and hanzhong in turn from east to west. It includes twenty-eight counties (area) of about9.2million people, its population accounts for a quarter of the total population in shaanxi province. Southern Shaanxi has the high incidence of geology and mountain torrent disaster in Shaanxi Province, the frequent geological disasters of the area is accounted for more than50%of the total area of the southern shaanxi, so that the large number of people who living in the mountain area are unsafe. Shaanxi provincial party committee and provincial government decided to remove these people in2011, it will move the people who live in the mountains and geological disaster area people into the superior area. It is the necessary choice to protect the natural environment, and also the best way to eliminate regional poverty.The paper takes the ecological emigration in southern shaanxi as the research object, the perspective of cost is the starting point, it studies on the process of the entire migration costs. First it elaborates the theory basis of ecological migration, the theory basis is the theory of migration, transaction cost theory and human capital theory. Secondly it analyzes the origin and current situation of the ecological emigration in southern shaanxi, Southern Shaanxi ecological migration is very necessary, the reason is the natural geographical features, economic and social situation and natural disasters in southern shaanxi. Further it studies on the background, characteristics and current situation of ecological migration, and points out the significance of the removal. Thirdly it analyzes the monetary costs of the government and immigrant, the government’s monetary costs includes relocation costs and cost of public facilities and administrative cost, the immigrant cost includes settlement cost, living cost, employment cost and opportunity cost. Fourthly it analyzes the non-monetary cost of the government and immigrant, the government’s non-monetary cost includes credibility, social stability, and environmental costs, the immigrant non-monetary cost includes psychological cost, social networks and risk cost. Finally it analyzes the relocation of earnings of the government and immigration. The government’s revenue includes ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits, and the immigrant revenue includes short-term gains and long-term benefits. Through the analysis of the relocation costs and earnings, it has the fund, the follow-up education and training industry development and immigration problem, so it puts forward relevant countermeasures to solve the problem.In this paper, the main research conclusion is concentrated in the relocation costs of the government and immigrant, it is also the building cost. Non-monetary cost is a kind of hidden costs, it has a long-term impact on immigrant relocation project, Government and immigrant in the immigrant engineering have to deal with implicit non-monetary cost. Through the analysis of the relocation costs, The main difficulties of the government focus on lack of funds and capital utilization effectively, the major difficulties of the immigrant focus on insufficient and subsequent livelihood problems. Through the research on the cost in the process of migration, it studies on the effects of key factors in migration, it hopes to take the reference for the relocation costs of inputs in the next few years, the cost of investment has the priorities, it also hopes to take the reference for the regional ecological migrants.更多还原