中国省域城乡发展一体化水平评价研究

【作者】 周江燕；

【导师】 刘世锦； 白永秀；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 政治经济学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 城乡均衡发展问题长期困扰着发展中国家。中国“三农”问题的长期性与艰巨性决定着我国城乡发展一体化的长期性与艰巨性。自中国市场化取向改革以来,中国经济增长表现优异,但与此并存的却是中国城乡差距不断拉大和城乡对立逐渐固化的过程与状态,表现为城乡收入差距逐渐拉大；城乡要素流动不顺畅；城乡基础设施和公共服务提供水平差别明显；城乡社会面貌反差巨大；城乡生活方式存在明显先进与落后的差别。面对这些严峻问题,学术界习惯从理论研究角度寻找和探索城乡均衡发展的路径与方法,决策层则轰轰烈烈地学习与模仿国内外先进城乡发展一体化模式,却忽略了解决现实问题需要从了解现状、把握真实出发的基本点。对城乡均衡发展的实证研究和状态评判对于当前的中国各省、各区域显得尤其迫切和重要。论文紧紧围绕中国30省域城乡发展一体化水平进行研究。论文基于城乡系统共生理论构建了中国省域城乡发展一体化水平评价的“四维度”理论分析框架,认为中国省域城市与农村两大子系统既有合作也有冲突,城乡发展一体化是一个耗散结构系统,系统演化的目标是进入城乡互惠共利的共生模式。城乡空间与生态环境是城乡共生系统的共生界面,通过集聚与扩散机制影响城乡发展一体化的进程与水平,城乡经济与社会是城乡共生系统的共生环境与共生内容,通过资源配置机制与公共产品供给机制影响城乡发展一体化的进程与水平。因此,对城乡发展一体化水平评价应从“城乡空间—城乡生态环境—城乡经济—城乡社会”四个维度进行。论文构建了中国省域城乡发展一体化水平评价指标体系并选取了具体评价方法。建立了“城乡空间一体化—城乡生态环境一体化—城乡经济一体化—城乡社会一体化”四个分维度、“状态类一城乡对比类—城乡互动类”三类指标、城市化水平、人均GDP、城乡收入比等35个基础指标的中国省域城乡发展一体化水平评价指标体系。选择两步全局主成分分析作为中国省域城乡发展一体化水平的主要测度方法,K-means聚类法作为中国省域城乡发展一体化水平的主要归类方法。对中国整体、四大区域、30个省域2000-2011年的城乡发展一体化水平、城乡空间一体化水平、城乡生态环境一体化水平、城乡经济一体化水平、城乡社会一体化水平进行了测度与归类。论文的研究结果表明：(1)中国省域城乡发展一体化水平在有机的空间中呈现出“东部—东北—中部—西部”的分梯次演变规律,在不可逆转的时间序列中呈现出“城乡经济—城乡空间—城乡社会—城乡生态环境”的分步骤推进规律；(2)中国省域城乡空间一体化与城乡经济一体化发展迅速,是促进城乡发展一体化的主要推动力,而城乡社会一体化与城乡生态环境一体化发展滞后,阻碍了城乡发展一体化水平的提高；(3)与国际水平相比,我国整体的城乡关系还处于一体化的推进阶段,尚未进入城乡交融与城乡一体化阶段,我国省域城乡发展一体化的判断不能完全遵循国际规律,中国必须走一条符合自己特色的城乡发展一体化道路；(4)中国省域城乡发展一体化水平差异显著但呈收敛趋势,西部地区呈“两极分化”趋势,尤其要重视西部地区城乡发展一体化问题；(5)中国省域城乡发展一体化水平可以划分为高度推进地区、加速推进地区、推进地区、初步推进地区与起步地区五大类。论文创新主要体现在研究视角与理论观点两方面。在研究视角方面,第一,第一次以省域城乡发展一体化为研究对象；第二,从系统共生理论出发界定城乡发展一体化的内涵与外延。在理论观点创新方面,第一,揭示并详细论证了中国省域城乡发展一体化的时空演变规律；第二,研究认为中国城乡发展一体化水平仍处于推进阶段,并将中国30省域城乡发展一体化水平划分为五类地区；第三,按照城乡空间、城乡生态环境、城乡经济、城乡社会四维度提出具体的提升路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Balanced development between urban and rural areas is a big trouble problem for developing countries. The long-term "Agriculture, Countryside and Farmer" issues of China determine the arduous on the urban-rural integration development of China. China’s economic growth has gained great momentum since the reform of the marketization has been adopted. However, the developmental gap between the rural and the urban areas is continuously increasing. Consequently, it has strengthened the conflicts between them in a long run, which, in specific, can be summed up as follows:the disparity of their residential incomes have been intensified. The flow of the resources and key elements are sluggish. Their infrastructures and public services available differ violently. Their social outlooks contrast a lot. Their lifestyles vary sharply, with one advanced and another underdeveloped. When it comes down to these serious problems, the academies are accustomed to searching the paths and methods of balanced-development between urban and rural from theoretical research. The decision making group are accustomed to learning and imitating the advanced mode of urban-rural integration development from abroad. However, they both neglected understanding the reality and situation in order to solve practical problems. On the current, it is particularly urgent and important for all provinces and regions of China to make the empirical study and the state evaluation. This paper focuses on the urban-rural integration development level of30provinces.Based on the system-symbiosis theory, this paper builds the four dimensions’evaluation framework on the Chinese provincial urban-rural integration development level. Author considers urban-rural architectural system as a dissipative structure system of both cooperation and conflict, goal of which is to enter the urban-rural mutualistic symbiosis mode. Urban-rural space and ecological environment are the symbiotic interface, which affect the level of the urban-rural integration development through the agglomeration and diffusion mechanism. Urban-rural economy and society are the symbiosis environment and symbiosis content, which affect the level of the urban-rural integration development through resource allocation mechanism and mechanism of public products supply.This paper establishes the evaluation index system on the level of Provincial urban-rural integration development and selects specific evaluation method. The evaluation index system includes "urban-rural space, urban-rural ecological environment, urban-rural economy, urban-rural society" four dimensions,"the whole developing state, urban-rural contrast, urban-rural interaction" three kinds of indicators,35basic indexes such as per capita GDP, urbanization level, urban-rural income and so on. Dynamic principal component analysis is used here to calculate the panel data of indexes of urban-rural development integration on different scaled regions from2000to2011. K-means clustering method is used to classify the result of provincial urban-rural integration development level. This paper measures the level of the whole urban-rural development integration index, the urban-rural space integration index, urban-rural ecological environment integration index, urban-rural economy integration index and urban-rural society integration index from overall level, regional level and provincial level of2000to2011.The research results of this paper show that:(1) Chinese provincial urban-rural development integration level presents the gradual evolution characteristics of "the east,northeast,central, west" in the organic space and step by step characteristics of "urban-rural economy integration index, urban-rural space integration index, urban-rural society integration index, urban-rural ecological environment integration index".(2)Urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural space integration enhance the level of provincial urban-rural development integration increasing, but urban-rural society integration and urban-rural ecological environment integration are on the contrary.(3)Compared with international level, the overall level of Chinese urban-rural development integration is still low. The stage of development has not yet entered the total integration stage. Therefore, the provincial urban-rural integration development in our country can’t follow the rules of the international. China must explore own development path of urban-rural integration development.(4) The regional difference of the index of urban-rural development integration in China is large but convergent. Provincial spatial distribution shows "economic geographical feature" and this distribution feature changes little. What’s more, the main factors of large difference of urban-rural development integration level in China lie in the inner large differences of west region and east region. The difference among the four regions is small and convergent. What’s more, the inner difference of western China presents"sharply polarization".(5) The provincial level of urban-rural development integration in China can be divided into five categories:highly propulsion area, accelerating propulsion area, propulsion area, preliminary propulsion area and just starting area.The innovations of this paper mainly lie in two aspects of research perspectives and theoretical perspectives. In the aspect of research perspectives, this paper is the first to make the provincial urban-rural development integration as the research object and define the connotation and denotation of urban-rural development integration by the system-symbiosis theory. In the aspect of theory innovation, this paper is the first to reveal and demonstrate the space-time evolution law of urban-rural development integration in details; Secondly, the research think that the whole level of Chinese urban-rural development integration is still low and in the stage of propulsion. Thirdly, the provincial level of urban-rural development integration in China can be divided into five categories. Fourthly, this paper proposes the concrete ascension path according to urban-rural space, urban-rural ecological environment, urban-rural economy and urban-rural society.更多还原