小说叙事动力研究

【作者】 易华；

【导师】 徐德明；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 文艺学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 现代叙事学作为一门年轻的学科,从20世纪60年代开始至今,已经经历了研究范式的重大转移：从关注故事/话语的经典结构主义叙事学到如今拓展到多语境、多媒介的多元叙事学。尽管如此,结构主义叙事学存在的模式简单化、静态化,忽视文本内外的联系等问题并未获得系统的解决。本文以小说作为研究样本,以动力作为叙事研究的核心要素,系统分析叙事活动的各阶段以何种方式有效关联,实现叙事动力的传递,促成叙事活动的展开的。第一章动力来源。主要探究三个问题：语境场能、心理场能与能量内化。主要基于这样一个根本性的认识判断,即作为社会中的个体,创作者的叙事能量追根溯源都来自其生活的叙事语境。宏观而言,语境场包含两个维度,即纵向的历史语境场与横向的时代语境场,创作个体即处在两重场的交集处。论文对两种语境场对叙事能量的生成作用作细致分析。语境场能量对个体的影响积淀构成个体的心理场域,能量则以心理能的形式存在。语境场与心理场共同作用于行为个体,论文研究了内外场能又会通过个体的实践活动进行能量互换或传递的心理机制。追寻小说叙事能量的来源,是为厘清小说内部的动力与文本外部世界之间的必然关系。新叙事学走出经典叙事诗学的藩篱,将叙事语法运用到女性、认知等语境角度的文学批评之中。但语境只是与文本后的叙事活动构成关联,并没有与文本前及文本本身真正发生联系。本章即试图找寻语境与叙事的关联性,明确语境作为叙事动力基础的本质。第二章动力内化。主要分析了文学叙事活动过程中不同“界”域的特征及与叙事的关系,并重点讨论“曲度”在不同界域之间的能量转换的功能性意义,探究叙事能量在转化过程中的路径及特征,具体区分能量注入文本的方式。论文将叙事活动中的世“界”形态划分成真实界、印象界、想象界和文本界四种类型,借用“曲度”概念并细化为认知曲度、创作曲度与语言曲度三种形态将叙事活动的动力能量在不同界域中传递。论文在此基础上进一步分析了能量传递过程中的基本特征,以及传递的有效路径。本章在第三节具体探讨了外部能量在叙事文本内部传递时动力支点的选择及其效果问题。我们可以藉此认清小说叙事的动力能量的发展理路与转换关系。经典结构主义叙事学关注文本内部“叙事语法”的生产性能量及对意义生成影响,却回避能量来源的追问。本章的论述可能有不尽周延之处,但明确了叙事必须追问的一个方向。第三章文本动力生成。主要考察小说文本内部动力的存在形式,分析文本在叙事进程中叙事动力的持续问题,并探讨创作者对文本叙事动力向度控制的努力以及在创作实践中动力不可控制的情况。在小说文本中动力能量以叙事的主题、结构及以叙事话语等三种主要形态存在。论文具体研究了各种形态中的叙事动力的存在方式与运行特征,同时论文还探讨了小说文本中动力的补充方式,创作者对动力的控制方式和动力存在的不可控制条件。探究“叙”事层面的动力关系可以寻出创作者的构思的路径与策略,这是主体的创作动力在文本内的彰显。经典叙事学在这方面的成就之卓著是无须赘言的,本章试图将大师们不同角度与向度的叙事语法牵引到一个系统之中,证明叙事效果的产生最终应当,也必然是各叙事要素共同构成的综合效果。其综合性、整体性特质也证明小说叙事活动是一种艺术创造的工作,停留在只言片语的阐释批评无法形成对小说叙事整体的有效释义。第四章文本动力运作。本章首先对小说叙事活动中的叙事进程进行分解与丰富,提出六进程观,并认真分析了创作进程、文本进程和阅读进程的基本特征及运动轨迹,分析不同进程间的相互关系。而后论文对叙事活动中的核心部分——故事叙述进行了研究,探讨了事态与势态对故事进程的影响及事态涨落的动力功能。最后则分析了叙事进程中的逻辑性对叙事动力传递的作用。将叙事作为进程来看在新叙事学家的工作中已经出现,但只把阅读过程视为进程,忽略了叙事活动的其他系统性的动力过程。构成故事进程的关键是对事态的描述,事态构成了事件前后的关联性(虽然有时是以悖逆事态所包含的趋势而建立的),但经典叙事学语法中并没有对事态的分析与研究。而逻辑问题,布雷蒙的《叙事作品的逻辑》、赫尔曼的《故事逻辑》都将“逻辑”作为重要的思考对象。但布雷蒙关注的是人物的结构性关系,赫尔曼则强调是故事与阅读建构的关系。叙事进程中的逻辑功能却被忽视,第三节算是对它的一种补正第五章动力输出。探讨叙事动力的输出形态,即小说叙事的意义生成问题。论文将阅读者分为创作建议者、信息选择者与文本编译者三种功能类型,分析不同阅读者在小说叙事建构及阅读重构中的推动作用。同时又对文本本身的动力负载加以分析,以两者的互动性形成小说叙事动力的输出机制。并且分析隐喻作为潜在于言语符号表层下的能量符号对小说叙事意义生成所产生的重要作用。认知叙事学对这方面研究已经形成不少颇有价值成果,并逐渐成为当下叙事学研究的重要领域。将“意义”放在整个叙事活动的进程中加以思考可以丰富对叙事认知的考察路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modern narration, as a young discipline, has undergone a major paradigm shift from the1960s to the present:from the attention the story/narrative discourse learned classical structuralism now expanded to multiple contexts, multi media pluralism narrative. Nevertheless, the presence of structuralist narratology simplistic mode of static, ignoring issues such as link text inside and outside the system has not been resolved. In this essay, the novel as the research samples to power as a core element of narrative research, narrative analysis of the various stages of system activities associated with the effective manner in which we accomplish the transfer narrative power, contributed to expand the activities of the narrative.The first chapter explores three issues:the context of field energy, mental energy of the field and the energy. Mainly based on a fundamental understanding of judgment, that is, as the individual in society, the creators of narrative energy are traced from its narrative context of life. Macro perspective, context field consists of two dimensions, namely vertical and horizontal field of historical context of the times contexts games, creative individual that is in the field at the intersection of two different worlds. Two papers on the role of narrative context of the field of energy generation to make a detailed analysis. Context field of energy psychology field effects on individual accumulation constitutes the individual, psychological forms of energy can exist places. Context field and psychological effects on the behavior of individual fields together, inside and outside the field of research papers by the individual will be able to practice for energy exchange or transfer of psychological mechanisms. Quest narrative sources of energy is to clarify the causal relationship between the internal dynamics and novel text outside world. New Narrative out of the classic narrative poetics of barriers to the use of narrative grammar female literary criticism, among cognitive contexts angle. But constitute only associated with the context of criticism and no real contact with the narrative. This chapter attempts to find that the narrative context and relevance, a clear narrative context of the nature of power as a basis.The second chapter analyzes the different" circles " feature field and its relationship with the narrative, and focus on the " curvature " of the functional significance of energy conversion between different precinct, explores the narrative energy in the conversion process, the process of literary narrative events path and characteristics of specific ways to distinguish between energy into text. Papers will be divided in the form of narrative events " world" into a real community, four types of impression circles, and text imaginary circles, borrowing " curvature " concept and refine the curvature cognitive, creative and language curvature curvature the three forms of narrative power energy sector activities in different domains transfer. This paper based on further analysis of the energy transfer process valid path basic features, as well as delivery. The third section of this chapter discusses the selection and effects of specific problems in the narrative text inside the external energy transfer power fulcrum. We can take a clear understanding of the relationship between the development of idea and convert the energy of the power of narrative fiction. Classical structuralist narratology text inside " narrative grammar" of energy production and generation effects on meaning, but avoid questioning energy sources. There may be some shortcomings in this paper, but clearly the direction of the narrative must be questioned.The third chapter exists in the form of text mainly on the internal dynamics of the novel, the narrative analysis of the text continued to question the power of the narrative process, and to explore the power of narrative text creators dimension of control efforts and the situation in creative practice uncontrollable power. In the text of the novel dynamic energy to the narrative theme, structure and narrative discourse, such as the presence of three main forms. The existence of specific research papers and operating characteristics of various forms of narrative momentum, but the paper also discusses novel way power supplement the text, the creator of the power control and dynamic presence of uncontrollable conditions. Explore the ’Syrian " power relations can find out what level of the creators of the idea of the path and strategy, which is the main driving force in the creation of text highlighting. Outstanding achievements of classical narratology in this respect there is no need to say, this chapter attempts to draw gurus different angles and dimensions of the narrative grammar into one system, proven to produce the final results should be narrative, each narrative is bound to be a common factor constituting the combined effect. Its comprehensive, holistic nature of narrative activity is also proved that the creation of an art work, stay in the interpretation of a few words of criticism for not form a valid interpretation of the narrative as a whole.The fourth chapter of the narrative activity decomposition and enrich the narrative process, the process of the six proposed concept, and a careful analysis of the basic characteristics and trajectory creation process, the process of reading the text process and analyze the relationships between different processes. Then the paper on the activities of the central part of the narrative-storytelling studied, discussed the situation with the state of affairs of the story and the events affecting the process of power fluctuation function. Finally, the process of analyzing the role of narrative logic of the narrative power transmission. The narrative point of view as a process in the new narratologists work has appeared, but only the reading process as a process, ignoring the dynamic processes of other systemic narrative activities. The key is to constitute the story of the process description of events, the situation constitutes a relationship before and after the event (though sometimes rebelled against the trend of events is established included), but the classic narrative did not learn grammar analysis and study of the situation. The logical question, Bremond "logical narrative of " Herman "story logic" will be " logical" thinking as an important target. But Bremond concern is the structural relationship between the characters, the story is the relationship between Herman stressed and reading construction. Narrative process logic functions are neglected sect regarded as a correction to it.The fifth chapter discusses the power output of the narrative form, that is the sense of narrative generation problem. The readers will be divided into three types. At the same time the writer analyzes the text itself, the power load to the output of both the formation mechanism of the interaction of narrative momentum. And analysis of metaphor as potential energy in the subsurface speech symbols generated narrative meaning and an important role. Cognitive Narrative research in this area has formed many valuable results, and has become an important field of contemporary narrative research. The "meaning" to be thought on the activities of the entire narrative can enrich the process of investigation of the cognitive narrative path.更多还原