现代汉语框式介词研究

【作者】 王世群；

【导师】 段业辉；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 对外汉语教学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 框式介词是汉语的一种重要语言类型特征,由于学界重视前置词,忽略后置词的传统,框式介词受到的关注较少。本文在语言类型学的视野下,在大规模语料调查统计的基础上,综合运用认知语法、功能类型学、语法化和词汇化等理论和方法,全面系统地研究了现代汉语框式介词的句法、语义功能和框式介词前后项的隐现规律,从历时的角度考察了现代汉语后置词以及框式介词的来源,并依据汉语的特征类型以及功能类型学的共性原则,对框式介词的句法语义属性以及成因做了分析和解释。第一章是对框式介词的界定。依据粘着后附以及介词性特征,从严界定后置词,进而将框式介词与虚词框架区分开来。在此基础上,总结归纳了汉语后置词以及框式介词系统。第二章考察框式介词的句法和语义功能。对框式介词的句法分布、句法范域、语义标记功能、语义抽象度和冗余度,进行了较为详细地分析。框式介词的句法范域可以用语义冗余度来解释,部分冗余的框式介词,前后置词谁冗余,谁就处于外层；完全冗余的框式介词则分不清具体的句法范域来,所以可以视作双核心的结构。第三章考察框式介词前后项的隐现规律和制约因素。框式介词在不同句法位置更多地表现出一种倾向性,在某个具体位置,某个框式介词可能表现出强制性的需要,这可能受到句法、语义、语用、语体或韵律等因素的制约。第四章从历时的角度调查了框式介词的来源。魏晋南北朝时期是框式介词产生的一个重要阶段,大致到明清所有框式介词的类型基本完备。多数框式介词是通过后置词的语法化和词汇化而来的,但排除类和部分比况类框式介词的来源比较特殊,它们是句法糅合和类推的结果。后置词语法化或词汇化的主要动因是背景化和联系项原则的驱动,演变中还涉及语法功能的衰退和调整,语义、语用和韵律因素也在起作用。第五章从类型学的角度解释框式介词句法语义特点以及成因。现代汉语是具有近动型前置词以及认知型语序特征的SVO语言,从两汉开始,汉语不断向认知型语序表达策略调整,框式介词主要是联系项原则、认知型语序表达策略共同作用的结果。它在句法和语义方面的特点可以用经济原则、标记度等级、重度-标记对应律和距离-标记对应律等语言共性原则来解释。更多还原

【Abstract】 Circumposition is an important item of linguistic type. Academics traditionally emphasis on prepositions, and ignore postpositions, so circumposion has received less attention. Based on cognitive grammar, functional typology, grammaticalization and lexicalization theories and methods, we examined the syntax, semantic features, and restrictive factors of Chinese circumposition comprehensively through large corpus survey from the perspective of typology. We also examined the source of the postpositions and circumposions in modern Chinese from diachronic perspective. And then we gave an analysis and interpretation of causes about the syntactic and semantic attributes of circumposions.In first chapter, we try to define circumposion properly. Based on the adhesive and prepositional characteristics, we defined postposition and circumposition strictly, and then distinguished the circumposion and function frame. On this basis, we summarized the Chinese postpositions and circumposion system.The second chapter examines syntactic and semantic functions of circumposion. We analyse in more detail about the syntax distributions, syntax domains, semantic functions, semantic abstraction and redundancy of circumposion. Domains of the circumposion can be interpreted by semantic redundancy. As for partly redundant circumposions, preposition or postposion will be the outermost layer if they are semantically redundant. Fully redundant circumposions can not be distinguished with specific syntax domain. And they can be regarded as dual-core structures.The third chapter examines the restrictive factors of circumposions. They usually show some preferences in different syntactic positions. At a specific location, a circumposion may show the need for mandatory, which may be restricted by syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, stylistic or rhythmic factors.Chapter IV investigated the sources of circumpositions from diachronic perspective. The period of the Six dynasties is an important stage for the development of circomposions. In the Ming and Qing dynasty, almost all types of circumpositions can be found. Most of circumpositions come from grammaticalization and lexicalization of postpositions, but the type of exclusion and Comparison are special, most of them are the result of syntactic blending and analogy. Relator and Background Principle are the main motivation of grammaticalization and lexicalization of postposition. It also involves the recession and adjustment of grammatical function. Semantic, pragmatic and prosodic factors also are at work.Chapter V investigated causes and syntactic and semantic features of circumpositions from the perspective of typology. Modern Chinese is a SVO language with verby preposition and cognitive word order. Beginning from the Han Dynasty, Chinese word order has been adjusted to cognitive strategy constantly. Circumpositions are a result of interaction between Relator Principle and t cognitive word order. Its syntactic and semantic aspects can be interpreted by some linguistic universals including Principle of Economy, Marked Grade, Heaviness-Marking Correspondence, and Distance-Marking Correspondence.更多还原