儿童游戏权研究

【作者】 刘智成；

【导师】 边霞；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 学前教育学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 游戏权尽管已被《儿童权利公约》宣誓为儿童享有的一项基本权利,但由于我国儿童游戏权利观念的落后、儿童游戏权利理论的缺乏以及儿童游戏权利实践的薄弱,导致儿童游戏权被侵害现象时常发生。儿童是人类的未来和希望,在当今这个迈向权利的时代,认真看待和对待儿童游戏权利反映了我们对未来的一种态度。鉴于此,本研究力图在中国文化背景下探讨与儿童游戏权相关的核心理论问题,这些问题有：(1)游戏权利思想是如何形成的?(2)儿童游戏权为什么能成为一项权利?(3)游戏权的性质、内容、特征及价值取向如何?(4)其他国家和地区是如何保护儿童游戏权的?(5)民众的儿童游戏权利观如何?(6)儿童游戏权在我国的实现需要哪些条件?对这些问题的回答构成了本研究的基本内容框架,具体而言,本研究包括六个部分,主要观点分述如下：第一部分主要考察了游戏权思想的演变历程。通过儿童观、儿童权利观及儿童游戏观等三条主线,对游戏权利思想的形成过程作了一个大致梳理,同时从国际和国内两个角度对儿童游戏权的法律化进程作了一个分析。第二部分主要探讨了儿童游戏权的存在基础及其正当性问题。本研究认为成人世界与儿童世界的截然区分以及游戏对儿童具有的独特价值是儿童游戏权存在的两个基础；无论从自然法的“事物之本质”理论、“自然权利”理论、“正义”理论还是从“人权主体”理论看,儿童游戏权都具有存在合理性。第三部分主要探讨了游戏权性质、内容、特征及价值取向等基本问题。本研究认为儿童游戏权是一种以自由权为主兼有社会权特性的专属于儿童这个特殊群体的人权,它包括游戏自由权、游戏社会权两方面内容,并且指向公正、自由、安全和全面发展等四方面价值取向。第四部分主要探讨了英国、日本、墨西哥等三个国家及我国台湾地区的儿童游戏权保护措施。这些国家和地区在儿童游戏权利保护上不但有专门政府机构管理,还有广大民间机构配合,更有较为完善的立法,这些都为我国儿童游戏权保护提供有益启示。第五部分主要探讨了国内幼儿教师和家长儿童游戏权观的现状。通过对他们的问卷调查,结果发现他们的儿童游戏权利观较为先进,但这只是一种显观念,要成为一种行动自觉,还需要进行观念的转化。第六部分主要探讨了儿童游戏权在我国的实现问题。观念层面、实践层面、立法层面和司法层面是儿童游戏权实现的重要四维,观念层面包括树立科学的儿童观及科学的游戏观；实践层面包括儿童游戏自主权及游戏社会权的保障两方面；立法层面则针对我国儿童游戏权立法存在的不足提出了具体的修法建议。司法层面则对儿童游戏权的可诉性进行了分析,同时指明了具体的司法救济途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although the Children’s Right to Play (CRP) has been regulated as the basic right of children in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, people in China have little idea about it, and there lacks theoretical study and average pratice of it. Therefore, the infringement of such a right is frequently and widely seen. Children are considered as the future and hope of mankind, and how we look at the (CRP) reflects our attitude towards the future in an era in which people are reconsidering and asking for more rights. In view of the current situation, this research will focus on the core theories of the (CRP) in terms of the Chinese cultural backgrond. The issues investigated are:(1) How is the thought of the CRP is developed and formed?(2) Why can the CRP become a right?(3) What are the nature, content, feature and value orientation of the CRP?(4) How is the CRP protected in other countries and regions?(5) How do the citizens look at the CRP?(6) What should be done to ensure the fulfillment of the CRP in our country? The answers to these questions will make up the basic contents of this study. Specifically, this study consist of six parts, and respectively they are:The first part investigates the evolutionary course of the ideology of the CRP. This part make a summary of the formation of the CRP in light of the three main threads:the view of children, the view of children’s right, and the view of children’s play, and analyze the legalization of the CRP in view of the international and domestic dimensions.The second part mainly discusses the existential base and legitimacy of the CRP. This part argue that the two bases of the CRP are the clear distinction between the two worlds of the adults and the children, and the special value of play in the children’s life. The rationality of the CRP is evident from the perspective of the "Essence of Things","Natural Rights" and "Justice" of the Natural Law or from the perspective of the "Subject of Human Rights".The third part mainly discusses the four basic questions such as the nature, the content, the feature and the value orientation of the CPR. This study considers that the CRP is a human right that belongs to the special group of children exclusively. There are two main contents of the freedom of play, the social right of play,and the value orientations include justice, freedom, security and overall development.The fourth part mainly explores the protection policy of the CRP in the three countries of England, Japan, Mexico and the Chinese Taiwan area. In these countries and Taiwan, there are special government-run organizations and a large number of non-governmental institutions in cooperation, and moreover, there are more perfect legislations. All these have provided useful models and even inspiration for us in the protection of the CRP in China.The fifth part focuses on the status quo of the citizens’ view of the CRP. Based on the questionnaire survey to the children’s parents and preschool teachers,The results show that they apparently have held the idea of the CRP, but there needs a transformation of idea before it turns into a conscious action.The sixth part aims at the question that how the CRP can be realized in China. The ideological, practical,legislative and judicial dimensions are important in the realization of the CRP. The ideological dimension is referred to the establishment of scientific views about children and play; The practical dimension is referred to the protection of the two aspects of the freedom of play and the social right of play;the legislative dimension is dedicated to make specific suggestions on amending the laws in the face of the lack of the legislation of the CRP in China, and the judicial dimension is focuses on the justiciability of the CRP, and the specific judicial remedies.更多还原