【作者】 高瞻；

【导师】 孙民治；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 篮球比赛是竞技篮球运动的主要内容，从前期的运动员选材到多年的运动训练，包括为之服务的管理和体育科研等，都是为了能够成功地参加比赛，取得优异的运动成绩。在人们大量关注我国篮球区域优势及与世界强队的差距、原因等问题的同时，对如何实现运动训练与篮球参赛的有效衔接、如何针对高水平竞技篮球赛事进行合理有效的参赛调控等问题的研究则相对较少。奥运会、世锦赛、亚运会、亚锦赛、全运会、CBA、WCBA联赛等是我国高水平竞技篮球队所主要面对和参与的赛事，在多年运动训练的基础上，对于如何成功参赛，实现球队及运动员自身在竞技体育中的合理诉求，就成为高水平球队及其队员所亟待解决的问题。为了解决这一问题，我们就需要了解如何实现运动训练到竞技参赛的有效链接，认知并把握高水平竞技篮球队参赛过程的时间、过程等方面的特征，并且进一步探究影响高水平竞技篮球队参赛过程调控的因素。在此基础上，结合我国高水平竞技篮球队参赛过程的案例，对高水平竞技篮球队参赛过程及调控的问题进行理论研究。本文通过文献资料法、专家访谈法、逻辑分析法、统计分析法等研究方法，对我国高水平竞技篮球队参赛过程这一概念进行了理论界定，归纳了高水平竞技篮球队参赛过程的特征，并对影响我国高水平竞技篮球队参赛过程调控的因素进行了研究。结合我国高水平竞技篮球队参赛案例，揭示了我国高水平竞技篮球队参赛过程中的调控特征，并进一步总结了我国高水平竞技篮球队参赛过程中的调控策略。主要得出以下结论：（1）我国高水平竞技篮球队参赛过程是指：我国高水平竞技篮球队为了实现某一具体篮球赛事的参赛目标，在时间维度上展开的赛前训练、竞技参赛、赛后总结与评价等一系列专门活动的排列组合。其中，赛前训练时间通常持续4-8周；比赛阶段时间，集中赛会制篮球赛事活动通常为10-15天，主客场赛季制篮球赛事活动约为100-130天；赛后总结与评价需要1-2周。因赛前训练的时间受运动员竞技水平、目标赛事的重要程度等因素的影响，因此，不同球队参考赛前训练时间时要因地制宜。（2）高水平竞技篮球队参赛过程的特征主要有以下四点：1.比赛过程的多变性与参赛行为的可控性；2.球队竞技能力的相对稳定性与组合竞技能力的多样性；3.竞技超限行为的不确定性与延续性；4.攻防时间的有限性和攻防目标的空间性。（3）高水平竞技篮球队参赛调控的影响因素主要有教练员和运动员、参赛目标、参赛计划、球队管理和对手竞技水平、比赛条件、裁判员水平等。其中，教练员和运动员是调控的基础，参赛计划是调控的依据。（4）高水平竞技篮球队赛前训练的调控策略包括：1.优化球队、组合、个人的竞技能力；2.注重体能储备；3.提高技战术训练的针对性；4.重视心理训练；5.综合考虑多种因素安排比赛训练；6.结合具体任务开展周、日、课训练。（5）在参加不同级别的赛事时，我国男、女篮首发队员的上场时间有差异；在同一赛事中，我国高水平竞技篮球队首发队员在决赛（季后赛）阶段上场时间均高于小组赛（常规赛）阶段。说明球队在竞技参赛过程中会结合参赛目标，策略性、针对性地使用主力球员和不同阵容。（6）赛次调控主要有教练员的临场指挥和运动员的自我调控。教练员的临场指挥策略有：1.抓住高与快主要矛盾转化，抢占比赛先机；2.依参赛计划实施和比赛态势，技战术运用策略求稳求变；3.根据双方的表现，灵活使用调控方式。运动员主要通过教练员引导、自身调节，球员间相互鼓励使自己处于积极的情绪里，并对对手的心理施加影响。（7）从参赛调控的视角，中国男篮在2013年亚锦赛上失利的原因主要有：1.主教练的遴选不合适；2.球队成员的更新不及时；3.赛前训练安排不合理；4.对参赛对手的了解不够。更多还原

【Abstract】 Match is the core for competitive basketball games. From choosing players totraining for many years, including management and scientific research, everything wedid is for playing the games and get a better result. When people try to understandwhere we are good at and the difference and reason why we cannot reach to the level ofinternational, there are less study on the effective connection between training andgames, and how to regulate the participation of the basketball games.The main games which elite basketball teams in China will play are Olympics,World Champion, Asia Games, Asia Champion, CBA, WCBA etc.. Except for trainingfor many years, how to participate the games, how to meet the needs of team andplayers will be the main problems. All this ask for our clear understanding the traits, thestarting and end of the participation of basketball games, and with reasonable regulation,we can achieve our goal. The problem above needs a theory and systematic study.This dissertation, by applying the methods like literature reviewing, questionnaire,experts interviewing and statistics, has given the definition of participating basketballgames for elite teams in China; traits for the their participation; effects for participation;the regulation characters; the regulation strategies. The main conclusions are as follows:1. the participating period of the elite teams in China (include national men andwomen teams, provincial teams) means, with concern of time, in order to achieve thegoal we have done the activities during this period, include training before the game,playing the game, conclusion and evaluation. Usually it includes4-8weeks trainingbefore participating matches, basketball events under concentrating system usually take10-15days, while under home-and-away system these events last around100-130days,and the summary and evaluation need1-2weeks after the game.2. the traits of participating period are1）the changeable procedure and controllable participation in the games;2) the stable team competitive ability and changeablecombined competitive ability;3) the uncertain and continued out-limited behavior;4)the limitation of offensive and defensive time and the special offensive and defensivegoal;3. Coaches and playesr are the main factors of regulating the participation for elitebasketball teams. The others are goal, plan, management of a team, the level ofopponents, environment and the level of referees;4. The training strategies before game are1) optimize the combination of players;2)fitness preparation;3) the specific training of skills and strategies;4）psychologicaltraining;5) warm-up matches;6) the training will be specific to week, day, and class.5. For the best of result, the first5players will be different according to differentmatches; in the same game, final or post-season games, the best players will play morethan before;6. The coach and the player’s regulation of the game. Coach’s regulation on thespot:1) transition of high and fast;2) follow the prepared strategies;3) according to theopponent and our players’ performance, change your regulation. Players will regulatethemselves with the help of coach, encourage each other, and give psychologicalpressure on your opponents.7. From the view of regulation, the loss of Asia Champion held in2013dues to:1)from the experience to the time of selecting a head coach, the preparation for the AsiaChampion is not agreeable;2) there is a dilemma for Chinese Man Basketball team, forthe present result or further development of the team;3) training before the game is notreasonable;4) lack of enough information about our opponents.更多还原