【作者】 朱喆；

【导师】 诸葛铠； 缪良云；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 设计艺术学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 扬州地处江淮下游平原，是京杭大运河与长江的交汇点，特殊的地理位置和悠久的历史文化造就了扬州古代工艺美术鲜明的地域特征。本文主要论述了扬州古代工艺美术发生发展的生态背景、生产的方式与销售的模式、技艺的表现与形制的特色以及风格的形成与交流传播等问题，以期阐明这一独特的区域性工艺文化发生发展的内在机制与外在表现。首先从生态环境的角度分析了自然生态环境、经济生态环境和社会生态环境对扬州古代工艺美术发生和发展的影响。扬州因运河而起，又因漕运而兴，在中国经济重心南移的过程中逐步发展起来的商品经济成为工艺美术生产的重要保障，而政治上的优势和文化艺术的繁荣又为工艺美术的发展提供了良好的机遇。而当出现自然环境的变迁、战争的严重破坏、漕运优势的丧失等情况时，扬州工艺美术也会相应地出现跌宕和衰退。其次，对扬州古代工艺美术的生产和销售展开了研究。扬州古代工艺美术的生产依托于本地农业和手工业经济的发达，以及便利的交通条件，这些优势可以使其更为便捷地从本地或外地获取各种生产资源，进而形成相应的工艺美术生产门类。同时，各工艺门类的分工也较细，出现了专业性的工匠群体，他们的技艺也比较娴熟。扬州工艺美术的销售受经济环境的影响较大，同时也与城市的发展密切相关，扬州城的规划和建设在一定程度上考虑了商品的生产和销售问题。再次，以设计学的视角，从技艺和形制两方面展开了对扬州古代工艺美术的分析。在技艺方面，重点介绍了扬州古代的金属工艺、漆工艺和雕刻工艺，并结合文献记载以及对当今扬州工艺美术的考察，对这些工艺进行尝试性的复原和再现；在形制方面，结合了大量的实例，论述了扬州古代工艺美术品在材质、形态、纹饰等方面的艺术特色。扬州各个时期工艺美术品的技艺和形式，虽在总体上从属于当时工艺美术生产的大环境，但仍然表现出较为强烈的地域性特征。最后，系统探讨了扬州古代工艺美术风格的形成和传播问题。在社会上各个阶层的商品消费和民风民俗的共同作用下，又在江南工艺文化的浸润下，扬州古代工艺美术形成了雅俗辉映的工艺风格，这种风格又借由多种方式对外进行传播和交流，影响深远。总之，扬州古代工艺美术是运河文化孕育下的产物，是在长期的历史发展过程中逐渐形成的一个相对独立和完整的区域性工艺美术，其自身也具有一定的开放性和影响力，作为中国古代工艺美术史上的一个特殊范例，时至今日仍然有其旺盛的生命力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Located in downstream plain of Changjiang and Huai River, Yangzhou is theintersection of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and Changjiang River. Special geographiclocation, long history and culture lead to bright geographical features in ancient arts andcrafts of Yangzhou. Problems are discussed in this paper, including ecological backgroundfor the generation and development of ancient arts and crafts of Yangzhou, productionmode and sales mode, technical expression and structure characteristics, style formationand communication. It is hoped that internal mechanism and external expression for thegeneration and development of unique regional arts and crafts can be illuminated.Firstly, the influences of ecological environment, economic ecological environment,and social ecological environment on generation and development of arts and crafts inYangzhou are analyzed from the angle of cultural ecology. Yangzhou became a city becauseof the canal and then developed into a prosperous city because of the water transportation.Commodity economy gradually developed in the process of economic focus southwardtransition has become the important guarantee for the production of arts and crafts. Inaddition, political advantage and prosperity of culture and art also provides goodopportunity for the development of arts and crafts. Nevertheless, in case of situationsincluding change of natural environment, serious damage of war, and lack of advantage ofwater transportation, the arts and crafts of Yangzhou also has correspondingly recessionand fluctuationSecondly, a study on production and sales of ancient arts and crafts in Yangzhou iscarried out. The production of ancient arts and crafts in Yangzhou is based on developedagricultural and handicraft economy as well as convenient transportation conditions in localregion. Due to these advantages, Yangzhou can quickly acquire various productionmaterials from local region and other regions and then form corresponding arts and crafts production types. Meanwhile, the art types are classified clearly. Thus, professionalcraftsmen with skilled technique come out. The sales performance of arts and crafts inYangzhou is greatly influenced by economic environment and closely related to urbandevelopment. The planning and construction of Yangzhou considers the production andsales of commodities in certain degree.Thirdly, from the angle of design, an analysis on2aspects of ancient arts and crafts inYangzhou, including technique and structure, is carried out. In the aspect of technique,metal technique, painting technique, and carving technique of ancient Yangzhou are mainlyintroduced. In addition, combining the literature record and investigation on current artsand crafts in Yangzhou, these techniques are recovered and reproduced based on attempts.In the aspect of structure, artistic features of ancient arts and craftsworks in Yangzhouincluding material quality, shape, and ornamentation are discussed based on numerousexamples. Technique and structure of arts and craftsworks in various periods of Yangzhoudepend on big production environment of arts and craftsworks in general, but also havestrong geographical features.In the end, the generation and communication of ancient arts and crafts style inYangzhou is discussed systematically. Under the functions of commodity consumption andfolk tradition and customs of various classes in the society and influences of arts and craftsin regions south of Changjiang River, ancient arts and crafts in Yangzhou has a craft stylewith elegance and vulgarity. Such a style is communicated externally by various means,leading to profound influences.In general, ancient arts and crafts in Yangzhou is the product of canal culture and is arelatively independent and complete regional arts and crafts generated from long-termhistorical development process. With certain openness and influence, it still has prosperousvitality up to now as a special example in Chinese ancient arts and crafts history.更多还原