【作者】 董玉峰；

【导师】 王华田； 姜岳忠；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 目前，我国纸及纸板的生产量和消费量均居世界第一位，但造纸纤维原料自给率严重不足，杨木作为重要的纸浆原料来源，在造纸产业发展中发挥着重要作用。选用杨树优良无性系，实行纸浆林定向培育，提高单位面积木材产量是世界各国解决造纸原料不足的重要途径。本文利用引进的24个杨树无性系，探索其生长和形质性状遗传变异规律，采用单指标评价与多指标选择相结合的方法，开展杨树纸浆林优良无性系选择，并对入选无性系与当前主栽杨树无性系同时从DNA水平上进行了多态性研究和遗传相似性分析，建立杨树无性系分子检索表。开展了杨树纸浆林高效群体结构研究，分析不同群体配置对杨树纸浆林生长和地上生物量的影响规律，并探讨上述影响规律产生的生态、生理学机制，旨为高效群体结构配置的制定积累基础数据。主要结论如下：1、通过5～6年4个地点的无性系区域测定，从丰产性、稳定性和适应性等方面由24个参试无性系中初选出4个杨树无性系B1、B33、B40和B53，并结合抗病虫性、制浆造纸性能等综合评价，选出纸浆林优良无性系B1。无性系B1木材基本密度为0.377g/cm3，纤维长度为1.153mm，纤维长宽比为49.5，其化学组分中综纤维素和纤维素含量高，木素和戊聚糖等含量较低，浆料白度及强度性能各项指标优良，适合配抄各种中高档文化用纸。2、性状遗传分析表明：4年生参试杨树无性系的胸径、树高等生长性状的广义遗传力均较高，在0.75以上，遗传变异系数分布于6.85~37.86%之间；入选无性系B1的5-6年生树高、胸径、材积与群体相比的遗传增益分别是21.2%、14.7%、66.8%，与对照相比的遗传增益分别是1.6%、6.0%、10.8%。3、AFLP分子标记遗传多样性分析表明：利用筛选出的8对引物对23个杨树无性系进行扩增分析，扩增谱带共有1183条，其中多态带921条，多态性带的比例为77.85%。每对引物组合对扩增的产物不同。每对引物所产生的总谱带数为131～212，其中多态带为97～183，多态带的比例为72.1～86.32%。多态性比例相对最高的为引物E-AAG/M-CAA，相对最低的为引物E-AAG/M-CTG。利用AFLP分子标记结果，通过比较各无性系间的特异带或特征带的差异进行无性系鉴别和测定，运用特殊谱带，建立了23个杨树无性系分子检索表，为杨树无性系鉴别提供更可靠的依据。4、在群体配置2m×3m、2m×4m、2m×5m和2m×6m林分中，树高生长虽存在一定差异性，但不显著。密度越大，冠幅越小。林分单株地上生物量和树干生物量随密度的增大而减小，但林分生物量随密度的增大总体呈增大趋势。不同群体配置方式的地上生物量存在一定差异性，但未达显著水平。5、不同群体配置方式间生物量在地上树干、分枝和叶器官中的分配比例基本一致，各生物量指标间及其与胸径和树高间均呈正相关性。枝条的数量、分枝角、枝长度、枝基径和枝生物量在4种参试密度下存在差异，其中分枝数量差异性达显著水平。叶面积指数总体随密度的增大而减小。叶面积指数与地上生物量、树干生物量和枝生物量均呈极显著相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the chinese paper and paperboard production and consumption are first in theworld, but the self-sufficiency of papermaking fibrous materials were deficiency.Poplar issuitable for use in man-made board and pulp processing, and cultivating high yield and goodquality peeler and pulp poplar varieties has become an important way to solve thecontradiction between timber supply and demand in our country. In order to solve theshortage and single problems of good poplar clones, which has high-yield, high-quality andefficient production for industrial timber. Researches on poplar growth, from characteristics,morphological characteristics, resistance to diseases and pests, wood pulping and plywoodperformance and genetic traits were done to selection good poplar clones for plywood andpulpwood purpose. The result showed that:1. Four poplar clones named B1、B33、B40and B53were preliminary selected from the24Fl clones through testing high resistance, stability and adaptability, in which the frist poplarclone was good with traits of high growth rate,high asexual propagation ability, highresistance to pest&disease quality,mechanical properties and was suitable for both pulpwoodand plywood purpose. Its volume growth was14.5%higher than CK at Jianan Chang qingtested sites at the age of6years. Through selecting many indexes such as growth, form andwood quality traits and with Euclidean distance method, the results showed: poplar clone B1and L35were similar，and poplar clone B1with big growth, taper, more and fine branches,small and many leaves.Through Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of multi characters,B1was good poplar clone for pulpwood purpose, and itsn, basic density was0.377g/cm3, thefiber length was1.153mm, fiber aspect ratio was49.5.2.Genetic analysis showed that:4-year-old growth traits of28clones all had high broadheritability, including diameter, height and so on, and most were above75%, and geneticvariation coefficient was6.85~37.86%; Compared with group, height, DBH and volumegenetic gains of the selected poplar clone B1were21.2%,14.7%and66.8%，and comparedwith the control, its’s genetic gains were1.6%,6.0%and10.8%.3. In order to understand the relationship of main Populus varieties in Shandong provinceand give basis for their classification, identification and better use, eight pair primers wereused for AFLP analysis of23main Populus varieties. The results showed that,1183fragments were generated totally, and average percentage of polymorphism fragments produced by eachprimer was77.3%, and the identification percentage of per primer combination was100%.The genetic differences among tested varieties were big, genetic distance among23materials tested was0.14~0.51and average was0.31. Materials tested were classed into8categories at similarity coefficient0.728, system cluster results based on similarity coefficientwere similar with classical taxonomy. Molecular criteria of23varieties was put forwardaccording to special bands.4. In the poplar plantation of different density percentage including2m×3m,2m×4m,2m×5m and2m×6m, there were differences of height growth among per plant, but thedifferences were not significant.The bigger the density, the smaller the crown. Above-groundbiomass of per plant decreases with the increase of density, but plantational above-groundbiomass increases with the increase of density.There were differences of biomass amongplantation, but the differences were not significant.5. The allocation proportions of trunk, branches and leaves biomass were accordantamong different density. The correlation indexes between that trunk, branches and leavesbiomass and DBH, tree was positive.there were differences of branche number, branchingangle, branch length, branch base diameter and branch biomass among four plantation density,but only branch number’s difference reached significant level. Leaf area index generallydecreases with the increase of density. And there were significant correlation between leafarea index and ground biomass, trunkbiomass and branches biomass.更多还原