中国传统司法判例中的情理表达

【作者】 陈小洁；

【导师】 夏锦文；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 法学理论， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 法律的实施,司法的运行,需要有相对稳定的、最低限度共识的文化价值体系作为有效运作的支持力量,要同时依靠法律和非法律的因素。中国传统司法的背后同样具有一种深刻的文化基础,它突出表现为源于儒家伦理价值观的“情理”。这既是传统中国“情理法”一体的机制所致,也是情理自身的内涵使然,更为中国传统司法实践中的多种例子所印证。正是在情理与法律的综合裁量与相互平衡中,传统中国的判例与成文法共同完成了帝制中国的司法使命。尤其中国传统司法判例形式及运作机制发展到了清代,已经相当成熟,其中饱含着传统司法对情理的表达,富有研究意义。而当代转型中国的司法同样面临着情理的表达问题,我们认为,从我国的司法现状出发,参酌、借鉴中国传统司法判例中情理表达的成功经验,在坚持依法治国、罪刑法定的基础上,充分发挥情理的司法功能,不失为推进我国社会主义司法实践,完善现代法治理念,传承中华法律文明的一条有效路径。基于此,我们以清代《刑案汇览》为分析对象,从中国传统司法判例的运行机理出发,梳理中国传统司法判例情理表达的类型及其内涵,剖析中国传统司法判例情理表达的方式,洞察社会变迁与中国传统司法判例情理表达的变化,进而研讨中国传统司法判例情理表达的积极意义与存在问题,从中获得启迪：以古鉴今,在当代中国如火如茶的社会主义法律体系建设事业和法制现代化进程中,不能仅仅热衷于“依法治国”,更要使法律的实施能顺应国情、贴近民情、契合事理、重视习惯与公序良俗。中国当代司法固然要强调法律的稳定性与严肃性,但也要注意社会生活的复杂性与多变性。良法的订立与实施,应当以稳定性与灵活性相兼为特征。当然,中国传统司法判例中的情理表达也有其存在问题,我们在重视情理的历史作用与现代价值的同时,也要注意防止其消极影响及弱点,使情理与法理共同融入我们的司法实践中。更多还原

【Abstract】 The implementation of the law, and the running of justice are need a relatively stable system of cultural values to support the effective function, relying on both legal and non-legal factors simultaneously. Chinese traditional justice also has a profound cultural foundation, that stems from Confucian ethics and values, that is emotion and reason. This is caused by three factors:one is the traditional Chinese system "Reason Law", the other is the own connotations of emotion and reason, the another is a variety of examples confirmed by Chinese traditional judicial practice. In particular, the forms and the operational mechanisms of Chinese traditional Judicial Precedent that are developed up to the Qing Dynasty, is already quite mature, which is full of the expression of emotion and reason. The contemporary China’s judicial is also facing the problem that is the expression of emotion and reason. I think, starting from the status quo of China’s judiciary, learning from the successful experience of China in the expression of emotion and reason about Chinese traditional judicial precedent, adhering to the rule of law and the crime of legality, then playing sensible judicial function fully, is an effective path of advancing the socialist judicial practice, improving the modern concept of the rule of law, inheriting Chinese legal civilization.This article is based on the cases in Xing-an-hui-lan(Conspectus Of Penal Cases) in the Qing Dynasty, starting from the operation mechanism of Chinese traditional judicial precedents, combing the type and content of emotion and reason, dissecting the way of the expressing of emotion and reason about Chinese traditional judicial precedent, looking into the changes in social and reason that are reflected by the Chinese traditional judicial precedent, then discussing the positive aspects and the negative problems of the expression of traditional judicial precedent, and deriving inspiration:Now looking through history, in contemporary China’s socialist legal system construction and the process of legal modernization, we should not only just keen on "rule of law", but also to make the implementation of the law can adapt to conditions in our country, closing to the people, fitting the reason of affair, caring our habits, paying attention to public order and morals. The contemporary judicial in China are not only concerned about stability and seriousness, but also pay attention to the complexity and variability of social life. The implementation of good laws should be stability and flexibility. Of course, there are some problems in the expression of emotion and reason about Chinese traditional judicial precedent problems. So we should not only attach importance to the history of modern value of the emotion and reason, but also pay attention to the negative effects and weaknesses of them, then make the emotion and reason with the law both promote our judicial practice.更多还原