在限制中寻求自由

【作者】 俞王毛；

【导师】 朱晓进；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 论语派是现代文学史上重要的散文流派,它生成于1930年代的上海,以提倡和写作幽默、性灵小品文为主要特征。作为自由主义文学在三十年代的发展,论语派以文学自主和思想自由为诉求,这种自我定位与当时的政治、经济、文化及主流文学之间有着极大的不相容性,论语派也因此受到来自各方的种种限制。在这样的情形中,论语派的阵营却得到了壮大,论语派文学也获得极大发展,以至形成了影响深远的幽默闲适小品文思潮。本文所要探讨的,就是论语派与各种影响因素之间的关系、论语派所受到的限制,以及论语派的应对策略,由此寻绎论语派的文学史意义,并为今天的文学生产提供有益的启示。特定流派的文学选择一方面以自身的文学好尚为依据,另一方面也受时代环境的影响,一个时代的政治形势、经济状况、文化氛围、文学风习等因素都会给流派打上深深的印痕。这些因素在社会结构中所处的位置不同,对特定流派的影响方式和影响强度也不一样。为了全方位考察论语派所受的限制和应对限制的策略,论文借鉴了布迪厄的文学场理论,以“文学场”来指称三十年代的文学形态,以“权力场”来指称三十年代的政治、经济、文化等处于更高社会层级的形态,将论语派的生成过程和文学活动置于由权力场和文学场所组成的网状结构中,分析论语派所遭遇的困境和突破困境的方式,以及在这个过程中所取得的成绩和所表现的局限。绪论部分阐述了选题的意义、论题的研究历史、本论文的研究方法、研究思路和创新之处。第一章主要围绕论语派的生成过程展开论述。本章将论语派的生成看成一个动态的过程,指出论语派与二十年代的各种自由主义文学资源的深层联系,并分析自由主义作家在新的历史条件下的聚合原因和聚合方式。本章试图说明,三十年代对于自由主义文学来说并非适宜的时代,然而,由于林语堂等人充分利用场域提供的条件出版期刊、凝聚作家,论语派得以发展壮大,成为三十年代文学场中不可忽视的力量。第二章主要分析权力场对论语派造成的限制和论语派突破限制的方式。本章围绕论语派如何超越政治权力的监控、避免商品经济的渗透、拒绝主流文化的规训展开论述,认为论语派借助于幽默话语进行政治批评,避免了政治权力的过度控制,同时,借助于超政治的写作方式保持了文学的独立性；利用半同人性半商业性的期刊经营方式成功介入出版业,摆脱了经济资本的掌控；以启蒙文化对抗专制文化并建构近情、宽容的现代文化,促进了文化的多元发展。第三章分析论语派确立文学合法性的方式和过程。本章围绕论语派文学理论的建构展开论述,认为论语派的言志、性灵等文学理论都是指向自由的,这种文学理论与同时代的工具化文学理论格格不入,并且也不同于其他自由主义流派的观念,而论语派为了参与文学场的竞争,在表述这些理论时采取了标新立异的方式,如此一来,论语派不可避免地遭到了各种力量的批评,为了摆脱由批评造成的合法性危机,论语派与左翼阵营展开论争,通过论争确立了言志文学的合法性。第四章围绕论语派的小品文创作展开论述,分析论语派的文学成就和文学场的占位过程。认为论语派通过广泛摄取和借鉴散文资源,确立了小品文的文体规范,论语派作家的创作就是这种规范的体现。论语派小品文题材丰富、形式自由,这类作品契合了读者的阅读期待,因而被读者广泛接受和模仿。在致力于创作的同时,论语派成功地实现了小品文的经典化,由此完成了文学场的占位。结语总结论语派文学活动的意义,指出其寻求自由的过程对文学发展和思想进步所作出的贡献,同时也指出论语派在思想观念和行为方式上的局限,认为这一切对今天的文学生产能够产生有益的启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Being prose school of great importance in history of modern literature, Lunyu School is formed in Shanghai in the1930s and it is characterized by writing humorous spiritual essays As liberal literature in the1930s, Lunyu School advocates literary autonomy and free-thinking which is very incompatible with politics, economy, culture and mainstream literature at that time, therefore, Lunyu School is subject to all sides. However, in that situation, the camp of Lunyu School grows rapidly and Lunyu School literature develops greatly, forming far-reaching thought of humorous and leisurely essays. In this thesis, the author intends to study the relationship between Lunyu School and various factors, the limitation to Lunyu School, the counter-measures that Lunyu School adopts and to explore literary significance of the Lunyu School,which is very helpful to today’s literary creation.On one hand, the literary selection of particular schools is based on its literary tendency; on the other hand, it is influenced by this social environment of the times as well. The various factors of an era such as politics, economy, culture, literature all have deep impression on Schools. Being in the different places in the social structure, the factors have different influence in ways and strength on particular schools. To explore the limitation to Lunyu School and its counter-measures, the paper adopts the theory from Bourdieu’s literary field, referring to literary form in the1930s as literary field and politics, economy, culture which are at a higher social level as power field, places the process of being formed and literary activities in the web consisted of literary form and power field and analyses its dilemma, breakthrough ways, achievement and limitation during the process.The Introduction discusses significance, researching history, breakthrough, innovation, researching methods and researching mentality of the topic.The first chapter centers on explaining the process of being formed of Lunyu School. The author regards Lunyu school forming as a dynamic process, analyses the underlying connection between Lunyu School and various kinds of liberalism literature resource and Liberalism writers’ combination methods and reasons in new historical requirement. This chapter attempts to explore that, even though liberalism literature is out of turn in the30s, Lunyu School can rapidly develop and strengthen and become a force to be reckoned with in the literary field in the30s because Lin Yutang etc. publish journals, Unite writers by means of the conditions provided by the field. The second chapter analyses the Lunyu School’s limitation from power field and the way of breaking through the limitation. The chapter discusses how Lunyu School surpasses the monitoring from political power, avoids the infiltration from commodity economy and refuses the discipline from mainstream culture, holding that Lunyu School used humorous remarks for political criticism to avoid overcontrol of political power, to remain the independence of literature with the help of the extrapoliticial writing, to succeed in getting involved in publishing with the help of semi humanity semi commercial periodical management, to get rid of the control of economic capital and to construct reasonable tolerant modern culture and promote the diversified development of culture by enlightenment culture against the despotic culture.The third chapter explores the way and process of the establishment on Lunyu School’s literature legitimacy. The paper concentrates on the construction of Lunyu School’s literature theory and thinks the literature theory on Lunyu School’s ambitions and spirituality pointing to freedom is against contemporary instrumental literary theory and different from the ideas of other liberal school. To enter for the competition in the literary field, Lunyu School adopts novel way stating the theories so that it is inevitably criticized by various forces. Lunyu School competes essays with leftists for escaping lawful crisis from criticism and established the legitimacy of ambition literature.The fourth chapter deals with the creation on the essays of Lunyu School and analyses its achievement in literature. The writer thinks that Lunyu School establishes stylistic form of essays after absorbing the resources on prose widely and the creation from the writers of Lunyu School represented the form. With rich subjects and free form, the essays of Lunyu School corresponds to readers’ expectation, which is widely accepted and imitated by readers and then succeeds in entering for literary field. In the same time, Lunyu School successfully achieves the classicizing of essay, thereby occupying position in the literary field.The conclusion makes a summary of the significance on literary activities from Lunyu School, states the contribution to literary development and progressive ideas in seeking its freedom and the limitation of Lunyu School in ideas and behavior. The paper holds all this can provide beneficial inspiration for today’literary creation.更多还原