【作者】 余明朗；

【导师】 龙毅； 李云梅；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 遥感技术与应用， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 智能导游是基于游客位置的路径引导、游览讲解的综合性服务,与地理信息系统(GIS)、移动定位技术、基于位置的服务(LBS)等之间有着密切的联系。随着我国旅游市场的快速发展和旅游信息化建设的不断推进,强调信息化、定量化的数字旅游、数字景区逐步向强调人性化、智能化服务的智慧旅游、智慧景区建设转化。我国传感网、物联网技术的迅速发展同样加快了这一领域的建设。但是基于传统室外定位(如GPS)为主的车载定位导航难以满足同时具有室外景点与室内展区、展品的景区导游服务,因而室内外一体化定位、导航技术及其在智能导游领域的应用亟待研究。本文旨在将室内外定位技术、方法引入到景区导游服务系统中,从游客时空位置获取、行为分析的角度探讨景区智能导游的室内外一体化定位及其位置服务技术与方法,研究如何构建以GPS、蓝牙和超宽带(Ultra-Wide Band, UWB)定位为基础、可同时满足游客室外和室内一体化路径引导和信息讲解需求的景区智能导游服务方法。基于位置服务及导游学相关理论知识,研究景区智能导游的服务模式、服务构成及特点,提出景区智能导游的体系架构,探讨景区智能导游过程中的室内外定位、室内外游览路径规划引导和室内外景点信息讲解等方法和技术问题,并构建相应原型系统对上述问题进行验证,在此基础上进行应用示范。论文的研究有助于推动移动GIS在旅游行业应用中的理论和技术创新,为旅游服务特别是导游服务的定位、引导和讲解提供一种全新的技术支撑,同时也为拓展景区导游服务模式及方法体系提供新的思路。总结起来,本文在如下几个方面开展了研究：(1)对智能导游与位置服务的内蕴联系进行分析,按智能导游获取服务方式的不同,将景区智能导游划分为离线服务、无线网络服务和混合服务三种不同的导游服务模式。分析智能导游服务的业务构成及特点,从更加注重服务游客的整体游览体验-室内外无缝游览、室内外游览路径引导和室内外实时信息播报等方面出发,提出整合室内外定位、游览路径引导服务、系统讲解服务以及其它景区生活设施查询服务的景区智能导游体系架构。阐述景区智能导游的服务内容,并指出其中的室内外定位是基础,而游览路径规划和景点信息讲解是景区智能导游服务中最为重要和关键的组成部分。最后从与现有景区信息化平台集成方面讨论景区智能导游的建设思路。(2)在调研室内外定位技术的基础之上,分析各种定位方法的定位精度、适用范围和定位可集成性等性能参数,根据景区智能导游系统中室内外定位的具体需求,研究基于GPS、蓝牙和UWB的室内外组合定位方法。本文系统的梳理上述定位的特点,并对景区室内外数据的空间基准进行统一。在此基础之上探讨影响室内外定位切换的三大因素,即建筑物因素、定位设备因素以及人的行为状态因素。提出基于游客行为与空间状态的室内外组合定位模式,通过探测游客的运动状态实现定位切换算法,构建基于GPS与UWB的室内外组合定位平台。(3)依托景区道路网数据模型,在A*算法等经典最优路径算法的支持下,提出基于景区智能导游的联合分段游览路径规划思想(简称联合分段路径规划),通过将景区智能导游的游览路径划分为由室外路段与室内路段交替衔接的组合体,室外路段自起始点开始至室内景点入口为止,室内路段自室内景点入口至出口点为止,在联合分段游览路径规划主算法、景区游览道路搜索子算法和联合分段游览路径规划子算法的支持下,实现了景区智能导游的室内外游览路径规划。实验结果表明,在室内采用顺序游览和随机游览时,联合分段游览路径规划的结果是合理的,该方法具有现实的可用性。(4)基于空间对象的位置信息描述参数和空间关系计算模型,在位置语义描述句法规则的支持下,实现以游客自身作为参照物的空间对象位置信息动态描述。依托于室内外定位技术获取的游客实时位置信息,提出一种基于室内外景点播报区域的实时景点信息播报方法,将游客的实时位置与播报区域之间的空间关系作为景点讲解的触发条件,并对不同类型的景区目标采用不同的播报区域划分方法；指出游客在景区游览过程中存在的三种游览方式及其之间的转换关系,实现游客偏离游览线路时的处理方法；针对导游过程中路口播报与景点讲解相冲突的问题,提出一种适时延后或提前播报路口转向信息的处理方法,该方法具有算法复杂度低,可操作性强的特点。(5)对上述智能导游服务相关理论、一体化定位平台、室内外游览路径规划模型及景点信息实时播报方法进行系统实现,基于嵌入式移动智能终端平台,设计并实现了尚湖景区智能导游服务系统。对论文中提出的相关体系架构和服务模型、方法进行有效性验证,结果表明,基于室内外一体化定位及其位置服务的景区智能导游具有景点讲解自然流畅、路口播报及时准确、偏离线路提醒和处理恰当等特点,能够满足游客在景区范围内的各种导游服务需求,可以在景区大批量投入使用,同时也可以推广到其它相关景区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Intelligent guide is an integrated service of tourist location-based path guide and tour guide, which is closely based on geographic information systems (GIS), mobile positioning technology, and location based services (LBS). With the rapid development of our tourism market and promotion of tourist information technology, digital tourism and scenic, which focuses on informatization and quantification, has been gradually transformed to intelligent tour and scenic, which focuses on user-friendly and intelligentization. Meanwhile, the rapid development of our sensor network and networking technology also accelerated the construction of intelligent tour and scenic. However, the traditional outdoor positioning-based vehicle navigation (eg. GPS) is difficult to meet the need of scenic tour service including both outdoor attractions and indoor exhibition area including exhibits. Therefore, the integration of indoor and outdoor positioning, navigation technology and its application in the field of intelligent guide urgently need to be improved. This thesis aims to incorporate outdoor and indoor positioning technologies into scenic tour service system. It studies technologies and methods of integration of indoor and outdoor positioning and location services in scenic intelligent guide from the perspective of obtaining tourists’ temporal location and analyzing their behavior. In order to satisfy the demand of outdoor and indoor scenic route guidance and information explanation, it also studies how to build intelligent guide service, which is based on GPS, Bluetooth and Ultra-Wideband (Ultra-Wide Band, UWB) positioning. Based on the tourism theory, service patterns, characteristics and composition of a scenic tour guide are studied. Then, the architecture of scenic intelligent tour guide is proposed, and three key technique issues including indoor and outdoor positioning, path planning and information broadcasting are discussed. Finally, a prototype system is implemented and applied to a real case. This research can help to promote the theory and technology innovation of mobile GIS in the application to the tourism industry to some extent. It provides a new technical support to the scenic tour guide service especially in positioning, attraction introduction and guide. Meanwhile, the research also brings new ideas to the scenic tour guide service mode and methodology.In general, in this thesis, the research work has been carried out as follows:(1) Due to different ways to access a tour guide service, there are three service modes for the scenic tour guide system:offline, online and hybrid modes. After analyzing the structure and characteristics of an intelligent guide service, in order to emphasize the integrated tour experience such as the indoor and outdoor seamless tour guide, voice interaction and real-time information broadcast, the thesis proposed an scenic tour guide architecture integrated by the voice guide service, the route guidance service, the indoor and outdoor positioning service, and the living facilities query service. Among them, the first three services are the most important and key components in the architecture. Finally, from the LBS and guide services, the system integration and the institutional norms, various safeguards are provided to guarantee the operation of scenic smart guide services.(2) Based on the investigation of various indoor and outdoor positioning technologies, the thesis analyzes several performance parameters such as the positioning accuracy, the application scope and the integration degree. To the specific needs of indoor and outdoor positioning intelligent guide system, this thesis studies the indoor and outdoor integrated positioning method based on GPS and UWB. This thesis also systematically combs the GPS location and the characteristics of UWB indoor positioning, and unifies the scenic indoor and outdoor data space benchmark. Then, the impact factors of indoor and outdoor positioning switching influenced by environment, physical and human are discussed, and an indoor and outdoor combination mode is proposed based on visitor behavior and space state. By constructing positioning switching algorithm using motion detection, an integrated GPS and UWB indoor positioning platform is built.(3) Relying on the scenic road network data model, by using classic optimal path algorithms such as the A*algorithm, the idea of scenic tour route planning joint staging (referred to jointly staging path planning) is proposed based on intelligent guide. In the idea, a tour path is regarded as a combination of indoor sections and outdoor sections. The outdoor road is from the start point to the entrance of the indoor attraction, and the indoor attraction sections start from the inlet to the outlet. Supported by the main joint segmentation path planning algorithm, the scenic road tour joint segmentation algorithm and the search sub-tour path planning algorithm, a scenic tour of indoor and outdoor attractions intelligent route planning is designed and implemented. Experimental results show that the tour route planning joint segmentation result is reasonable whatever a tour is sequential or random indoors. This method is available in practical applications. (4) Based on the location information description parameters and spatial relationships computing model, and with the support of semantic description of syntactic rules, a dynamic description by referencing tourists’own position is designed. Depending on the real-time locations of tourists obtained by indoor and outdoor positioning technologies, a method for broadcasting real-time information of attractions based on indoor and outdoor attractions broadcast region is proposed. The method makes use of the spatial relationship between a tourist and the broadcast area as guide triggers to broadcast information according to different broadcast zones and different scenic areas. The thesis points out three touring ways in scenic tour process and their conversion relationship, and proposes a solution to the problem of tourist’s deviation from the cruise line. It also presents a timely postponing or advance broadcasting algorithm to solve conflicts in attraction broadcasting and turning point broadcasting. This algorithm has low complexity and high operability.(5) By implementing the above tour guide service architecture, integrated positioning platform, indoor and outdoor attractions path planning model and real-time information attraction broadcast methods, the Shanghu scenic intelligent guide system is designed and implemented on an embedded mobile intelligent terminal platform. Experiment is made to validate the architecture and service model proposed in the thesis. Results show that the scenic intelligent guide system has the advantages of natural and smooth guide explanation, timely and accurate direction broadcasting, and proper off line reminder, etc. It is fully capable to meet various guide requirements of tourists, and it also can be applied in other large scale scenic areas.更多还原