【作者】 邱杰；

【导师】 黄德林；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 政治认同是政治学和思想政治教育学中的重要概念,更是多民族国家实现民族团结和社会稳定的重要思想保证。中国是由56个民族组成的一个多民族大家庭,国家一直高度重视民族工作,通过实施民族政策努力促进民族团结和民族地区稳定。改革开放以来,中国在经济快速发展,国际影响力不断提高的同时,转型期的社会矛盾凸显,西方的意识形态、思维方式和生活方式所倡导的价值观在不同程度上冲击、动摇着人们的政治认同。同时,西方国家也在强大的信息技术、资金等优势支撑下,持续不断的向我国输入其价值观和思维方式。大学生是国家宝贵的人力资源,是国家和社会的未来,肩负着建成小康社会、实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史使命。但大学生的社会经验不足,世界观、人生观、价值观尚未稳定形成,加上政治经验缺乏,政治判断力不强,在受到西方的生活方式、思维方式和价值观的干扰、影响时会误听、误信的思想特点,使个别别有用心的西方国家有可能利用有针对性的方式,蓄意引导大学生对我国现有政治制度产生质疑,进而实现弱化大学生对我国政治制度和社会主义核心价值观认同度的目的。因此,当务之急是完善和改进大学生政治认同教育,提高其政治认同教育的针对性和实效性,提升政治认同程度,使大学生紧密地团结在党中央周围,坚定走中国特色社会主义道路的信心。政治认同是大学生形成正确政治观的前提,民族地区大学生政治认同提升能更好地将各族人民思想统一到中国特色社会主义事业上来,形成各族人民凝心聚力谋发展的良好局面。因此,研究和提升西南民族地区大学生的政治认同,是巩固西南民族地区民族团结、推动地区快速发展的必然需要,是培养西南民族地区大学生政治判断能力,提高他们的政治敏锐性,促进大学生健康成长的内在需要。本文以西南民族地区大学生为研究对象,遵循提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的总思路展开研究。全文重点是提出大学生政治认同核心构成要素理论模型假设并进行验证,目的是根据大学生政治认同核心构成要素来分析西南民族地区大学生政治认同教育过程中存在的突出问题,进而提出具有针对性的教育引导对策。具体做法是运用SPSS19.0软件对西南民族地区大学生的抽样调查数据进行探索性因子分析和运用Amos验证性因子分析方法,验证大学生政治认同核心构要素理论模型的正确性,进而依据构成要素来深入分析西南民族地区大学生政治认同现状及存在的突出问题,最后结合西南民族地区提出具有针对性的教育引导对策。全文由六章组成,具体内容概括如下：第一章绪论。本章主要说明了选题缘起和研究意义,梳理了国内外政治认同问题的研究现状,明确了研究方法和研究思路等问题。处于社会转型和改革开放中的人们,其政治认同在利益分化明显、社会冲突突出和思想碰撞激烈的现实中受到越来越多的挑战。大学生具有学习热情高、接受新事物快的特点,是社会中最具有潜力和思想最活跃的群体,但是由于他们社会经验缺乏、社会阅历不足,世界观、人生观和价值观还没有稳定形成。进一步加强大学生政治教育的实效性和针对性,着力提高政治认同程度,是帮助大学生正确认识在多民族国家中正确的政治认同是统一各民族思想,增强民族凝聚力和促进民族团结,维护社会稳定的重要方式；是提高大学生政治素质,实现高等教育人才培养目标的重要途径：是引导大学生学习政治理论知识,指导政治认同教育实践,引导大学生树立正确的政治观,更好地融入社会主流意识形态和主流文化,进一步增强政治敏锐性,提高政治判断能力,树立共产主义远大理想信念,促进西南民族地区政治稳定和经济可持续发展,夯实西南民族地区和谐社会基础的内在要求。国外关于认同问题的研究最早可以追溯至柏拉图和亚里士多德时期,此后认同及其概念被广泛应用到社会各个学科,并在心理学、政治学、社会学等领域得到深入研究,形成了大量的研究成果。通过对已有成果的梳理,可以发现国外政治认同研究主要集中在对政治认同的概念解析、政治文化以及将政治认同作为政治合法性基础等方面。对于青年群体的政治认同研究以隐性教育为主,倡导将政治认同教育融入行为养成教育、学校教育和职业教育体系之中。国内政治认同研究起步较晚,但2000年以来陆续发表了一些成果,主要集中在以下几方面：一是关于基本理论研究,主要涉及概念界定、内容构成及心理机制：二是结合农民、工人、知识分子等不同群体政治认同特点进行分析；三是对社会转型期、改革开放以来、现代化进程中等不同时期的政治认同状况进行研究；四是结合其他学科理论对政治认同进行研究。以大学生政治认同作为研究对象的最早可查文献是复旦大学学者孙嘉明与林建鸿1989年发表于《社会科学》的文章。对大学生政治认同教育的研究集中于(1)讨论大学生政治认同教育与思想政治理论课和专业课教学的关系；(2)对大学生政治认同状况的调查研究及归因分析；(3)民族地区及少数民族大学生的政治认同；(4)大学生政治认同与国家认同和民族认同关系以及国外政治认同教育对我国的启示等方面。第二章大学生政治认同基本理论。从概念界定入手,分析了大学生政治认同的特点,进而提出应遵循教育内在规律和大学生思想规律开展大学生政治认同教育。大学生政治认同必须在马克思主义基本理论指导下,借鉴政治学中政治认同理论和政治社化理论、社会学的社会学习理论和社会认同理论等相关学科理论,根据研究需要,提高大学生政治认同的核心构成要素理论模型由政治认知、政治情感、政治信任、政治参与、政治行为五要素组成的假设,为本文进一步完成《西南民族地区大学生政治认同状况调查问卷》和正确评价西南民族地区大学生政治认同状况奠定学理基础。第三章西南民族地区大学生政治认同教育的发展历程、主要做法及基本经验。通过对发展过程的梳理和总结可知,西南民族地区大学生政治认同教育能够始终坚持马克思主义理论的领导地位,在教育实施过程中强调政治理论课的主渠道作用,重视教师队伍建设,并注重结合民族地区特色开展教育,取得了较好的效果,为西南民族地区社会稳定、民族团结奠定了良好的思想基础。认真总结,可以得知西南民族地区大学生政治认同教育主要有以下经验：一是高度重视大学生政治认同教育；二是结合民族地区传统文化开展大学生政治认同教育；三是依托民族团结教育提升大学生政治认同；第四,借助红色资源开展大学生政治认同教育。总之,西南民族地区大学生政治认同教育能够结合广大学生思想实际,引导大学生学习政治理论,学习马克思主义中国化时代化大众化的最新理论成果,掌握并运用马克思主义世界观和方法论分析和认识热点难点问题,努力提高政治素养,在重大事件和关键问题上坚决与党中央保持高度一致,成为维护全社会稳定的积极力量,不断增强中国特色社会主义的道路自信、理论自信和制度自信。第四章西南民族地区大学生政治认同状况的实证研究。本章主要着眼于西南民族地区大学生政治认同状况调查,探讨了问卷的类型、编制方法和调查方法,说明了调查对象和样本的选取规则,并对西南民族地区大学生政治认同教育的基本情况进行总结。根据本文研究的需要,选取了云南、贵州、四川和广西四个省(区)中涵盖“985”高校、“211”高校、普通本科院校、新升格本科院校、专科院校和民办高校等各级各类高等学校,按在校生总数的0.15‰的比例选取覆盖各个年级、各学历层次的的大学生进行随机抽样调查,获得西南民族地区大学生政治认同的第一手资料。对调查数据初步统计分析后,运用探索性因子分析方法对数据进行处理并运用验证性因子分析方法予以验证,探索性因子分析结果与验证性因子分析结果完全相符,证明本文对大学生政治认同核心构成要素的理论假设成立。第五章西南民族地区大学生政治认同教育存在的突出问题及原因分析。总体而言,西南民族地区大学生的政治认同状况良好,大部分学生的政治立场坚定,对中国特色社会主义基本理论和重大政治问题的认识进一步深化,持赞同态度的学生占绝大多数,但是仍然有少部分大学生的政治认同存在不同程度的偏差与问题,主要问题有：1.部分大学生政治认知存在一定的模糊性,2.部分大学生对政治认同教育的响应度不高,3.少数大学生政治认同的认知与行为相符度不高等。认真分析导致这些问题产生的原因,可知国内外复杂形势使大学生政治认同教育面临新挑战、网络舆论对大学生政治认同教育的影响、社会环境对大学生政治认同教育的影响和西南民族地区大学生政治认同教育手段亟待更新等,是导致西南民族地区大学生政治认同偏差的主要原因。认真查找西南民族地区大学生政治认同教育存在的突出问题并进行归因分析,可以使我们清醒地认识到政治认同教育任务的艰巨性和长期性,而且有助于进一步优化教育内容,改革教育方法,进而提高大学生政治认同教育效果提供参考。第六章西南民族地区大学生政治认同教育基本原则与对策。我国的历史和社会主义现代化建设的现实都有力地证明了没有共产党就没有新中国,没有共产党的领导,就没有中国特色社会主义伟大事业的蓬勃发展。坚持中国共产党领导,坚持马克思主义指导地位,坚持中国特色社会主义道路是实现中华民族伟大复兴的根本保证。加强西南民族地区大学生政治认同教育,必须要坚持马克思主义为指导思想,坚持科学理论灌输与自我教育相结合、普及教育与分类教育相结合的基本原则,加强大学生政治认同教育,坚定大学生的共产主义理想信念,是加快西南民族地区发展,推动中国特色社会主义伟大事业健康发展,培养合格的建设者和接班人的内在需要。西南民族地区大学生政治认同教育是建立在政治理论本身的魅力和感召力基础上,理论教育体系的科学性、系统性、实践性和可接受性等都是影响教育效果的因素,政治认同的提升和强化是一项庞大、复杂的系统工程,但受作者时间、精力和研究能力的限制,本文仅以西南民族地区高校为研究对象,从课堂教学、校园文化环境营造、党团组织建设、社会实践活动管理和媒介平台搭建等五个方面对大学生政治认同教育提出参考对策,为提升西南民族地区大学生政治认同教育做一些力所能及的探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 Political identity is an important concept in modern democracy, and it is also an important guarantee for a multi-ethnic country to achieve national unity and social stability. After Reform and opening up, China experiences rapid economic development with increasing international influence and prominent social contradictions, the values advocated by Western ideology, way of thinking and lifestyle impact and shock the nation’s political identity to varying degrees.. Meanwhile, the Western countries backed by the advanced Information Technology and amounts of money, persistently export so called "liberal democracy" to our nation. College students are precious resources for the Party and our nation and shoulder the historical mission of building a well-off society and realizing Chinese nation’s great rejuvenation. College students are the future of our nation, and also the hope of inheriting the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. But Western countries have also seized the opportunities of the college students’lacking of social experiences, the unstable view of life, world and value and the tendency of mishear and misunderstand, to intensify the western lifestyle, way of thinking and value, interfering and influencing students’ learning and living, resulting in the thought of hedonism, money worship and extreme individualism. Therefore, it is imperative to refine and improve students’ political identity education in southwest national area, improving the relevance and effectiveness of political identity education and enhancing the level of political identity, so that students could rally closely around the CPC Central Committee and firm the confidence of the socialist road with Chinese characteristics. The research of college students’political identity education in southwest national area is necessary to consolidate the national unity in southwest national area, unity and promote regional high-speed development, and also the internal demand of cultivating student’s political judging ability, improving their political acumen and supporting their healthy growth.This article takes college students in southwest national area as research subject, following the research thought of raising problems-analyzing questions-solving problems as follow:The full text focuses on proposing theoretical models and assumptions about students’political identity elements and verifying theoretical models and assumptions,aiming at analyzing those outstanding issues of political identity in their education based on the elements of students’ political identity in Southwest National Area, then put forward targeted countermeasures from the perspective of education and guidance. Specifically:using SPSS19.0software for analyzing survey data from students in Southwest Ethnic Areas and Amos confirmatory factor analysis method, to verify the correctness of theoretical models of constitutive elements of students’ political identity, and then analyze those outstanding issues of political identity in their education based on the elements of students’ political identity in Southwest National Area, Finally, put forward targeted countermeasures from the perspective of education and guidance connecting with limited factors in Southwest Ethnic Areas. The article consists of six chapters, the specific content is summarized as follows:The first chapter is an introduction. This chapter explains the research origin and significance, concludes research status on political identity education at home and abroad and clarifies the research method and approach. China is in the stage of social transformation and opening up, the ideologies, ways of thinking and values in western society have huge influences on people’s thought, life and manner. People’s political identity is challenged by the reality where interest differentiation is obvious, social conflict is prominent and thought collides fiercely. President Hu Jintao clearly pointed out in his report to the18th National Congress of CPC that we should firmly grasp the leadership and ownership of ideological work, adhere to the correct guiding, improve guiding ability and expand the mainstream public opinion. This is a clear requirement for ideological work. College students with high enthusiasm to learn and the characteristic to accept new things, is the most active population, which has the highest potential and richness of thought. However college students lack of social experience which can’t help them to form stable overlooks on the life, world and values. To strengthen the effectiveness and pertinence of college students’ political education for helping students to realize the correct political identity in a multi-national state is an important method to unit all ethnic groups, enhance national cohesion, promote national unity and safeguard social stability; it is also an important method to improve students’political quality and achieve the personnel training objective of high education; likewise, it is the inner demand to guide students to learn political theory and make political identity practice, help them to build correct political view and integrate well with social mainstream ideology and culture, improve political sensitivity and political judgment ability, establish lofty ideal and faith of communism, promote political stability and sustain economic growth in Southwest National Area and consolidate the social basis of harmonious southwest national area.The research of political identity derived from foreign countries, which can be traced to the stage of Plato and Aristotle. Then the concept was widely introduced to other disciplines in social sciences and get in-depth research in the field of psychology, political science, sociology, etc., forming a fruitful research results. Through studying the existing achievements, foreign research of political identity focuses on the concept of political identity, political culture, and political identity as a basis for political legitimacy and so on. The political identity education for youth groups mainly takes recessive education, advocating political identity inherent in the conduct of behavior education, school education and vocational education. The research of political identity education in domestic has a late start, and the achievement mainly appeared after2000as below: basic theory research, including concept definition, content component and mechanisms; analyzing the characteristics of political identity in groups of farmer, worker and intellectual; explaining political identity situation in state of social transformation, opening-up and modernization; introducing political identity research from interdisciplinary theory. The earliest research of students’political identity is in an article published in Social Science by Sun Jiaming and Lin Jianhong in1989, both of whom are researchers in Fudan University. The research on college students’political identity education focused on the following contents:(1) discussing the relationship among political identity education, ideological and political theory curriculum and specialized course teaching;(2) investigating the students’political identity situation and analyzing the causes;(3) students’political identity in national region and minority areas;(4) relationship among student’s political identity, national identity and ethnic identity; enlightment of foreign political identity education to our nation and so on.Chapter Two is an overview of college students’ political identity. The article analyzes the characteristics of students’political identity, as class nature, expansibility, universality and hierarchy. According to the specific geographical location of southwest national area and the economic, cultural and national characteristics, the article concludes the regional feature of political identity in this area, then puts forward the idea that the students’political identity education must follow the law of education and students’thought. Identification problems was first concerned in psychology field, and then applied in other subjects of social science. Political identity is an important content in politics, and is also an important matter in psychology, sociology and education. Students’ political identity in this article is a systematic project. It is based on the comprehensive development in Marxist theory, uses other theories for reference such as the view of politics and practice, political deification and political socialization theory in politics, social learning and social identity theory in sociology, indoctrination theory in ideological and political education and related theories, concludes that the core constituent factors of students’ political identity are political cognition, political emotion, political trust, political participation and political behavior, summarizes the evaluation basis, evaluation content, evaluation index of political identity, which is helpful to finish the questionnaire of students’ political identity situation in southwest national region and lay the principle foundation to evaluate correctly the political identity situation in this area.Chapter three introduces the basic situation and experience of students’political identity education in southwest national area. Based on the analysis on survey data, this chapter summarizes the basic situation and experience of students’political identity education in this area. Years of practice has proved that college students’political identity education in southwest national area can always adhere to the leadership of Marxist theory, emphasizing the main channel of political theory class and training of teachers, combined national district characteristics in the process of political identity education, which gain good result, laying ideological basis for social stability and national unity in southwest. The paper concludes the main experiences as follows. The first is paying great attention to students’political identity education. The colleges try hard to improve the education conditions in aspects of teachers, teaching conditions, campus environment, social practice and students’activity and son on, which lay a foundation to conduct students’political identity education. The second is conducting political identity education combined with traditional culture in multi-national areas. Making full use of rich national resources, the college integrates socialist core values and socialist theory with Chinese characteristics into daily teachings and activities through diversified activities, promoting the degree of students’political identity. The third is to improve students’political identity through national unity education. The college broadcasts the ethnic policies and religious policies to lead the college students to treat nationality difference, respect other cultures, and build confidence and decision to following the Party, integrating the identity education of political system with national unity education through the historical, cultural and religious relief education of minorities. The fourth is conducting students’political identity education with the help of red resources. Making use of local red resources and relying on historical facts of red resources, the college lead students to learn political theory and latest theoretical achievements of Marxism in China combined with students’actual thinking, which help the students to know and analyze hot problems and difficult problems with Marxist world outlook and methodology. It can be helpful to improve students’political literacy and keep highly consistent with the Party and nation in important events and critical issues, making them become an active force to maintain social stability and improving the confidence of socialism with Chinese characteristics.The fourth chapter is empirical study of students’ political identity status in southwest national areas. This chapter conducts survey focusing on college students’ political identity situation in southwest national area, introduces the type, design method and investigation methods and explains the rule to select investigation object and sample. According to the research, the article selects students in985college,211college, undergraduate college, new upgraded college, academy, private college and other types of colleges in Yunan Guizhou, Sichuan and Guangxi provinces as samples to conduct honesty education, who come from different grades and different background, taking0.15percent of enrollment students, gaining the firsthand information of political identity in southwest national area. After preliminary statistical analysis of survey data, the paper uses exploratory factor analysis method to process the data and verified the data by confirmatory factor analysis. The results from two methods match, which proves the hypothesis of core elements of political identity in the paper is right.The fifth chapter is the analysis of prominent problem and its attribution of students’ political identity education in southwest national area. Overall, students’ political identity in this area is in good condition that most students has a firm political attitude and is deepening their understanding of basic theory and important political issues on socialism with Chinese characteristics. However there are still some students who have misunderstanding on political identity. The prominent problems of political identity in southwest national area are expressed in three aspects:the vague political recognition; political identity education cannot result in resonance of anti-corruption education; the cognition and behavior of students’ political identity does not match etc. the causes of these problems mainly include the more and more complex situation at home and abroad, the influence of district circumstance and network information. Recognition of the problems and its causes can help education to realize the arduousness and chronicity of political identity education optimize education content; improve education manner and education effect.The sixth chapter is the research of basic principle and countermeasures of students’ political identity in southwest national areas. The history of our country and the reality of socialist modernization prove that the socialism cause with Chinese characteristics cannot well develop without the leadership of CPC and Marxism. The strengthen of students’ political identity education in southwest must insist on the lead of Marxism, the combination of theory infusion and self-education, the combination of universal education and classified education, improve students’ political identity education and socialist belief, which is the inner demand of accelerating the development of southwest national area, improving the healthy development of socialist cause with Chinese characteristics and cultivating qualified constructer and successor.Based on the charm and appeal of political theory, students’ political identity education in southwest national area is influenced by the scientific, systematic, practical nature and acceptability and so on. The improvement and strengthen of political identity is an enormous and complicated project, which involves many aspects in terms of government, society, college, family and student. Limited by author’s research ability and energy, the article cannot explains every aspect, but selecting class teaching, campus cultural environment building, group organization construction, social practical activity management and media platform establishment as factors to provide reference to college in southwest national area to strength and improve students’ political identity education.更多还原