新时期中国和平发展战略的外部挑战及对策研究

【作者】 郭晓东；

【导师】 孙建社；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 科学社会主义， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 随着中国综合国力的增强和国际地位的提升,国际社会开始将关注的目光聚焦于东方,并对中国的迅速崛起产生疑虑：中国将会选择一条什么样的发展道路?不断强大的中国将如何对待现有的国际秩序?中国的发展将对世界和平产生什么样的影响?面对国际社会的担忧与质疑,中国正式提出和平发展战略,以实际行动向世界证明：中国的发展过程是一个新兴大国追求和平与发展的过程,也是一个让世界重新认识和接受中国的过程。进入21世纪,国际形势正在发生深刻而又复杂的变化,中国和平发展所面临的不确定因素增多,外部压力加大。本文主要从经济、政治和安全三个维度分析当前中国和平发展战略所遇到的外部挑战：经济上,世界经济发展进入“深度调整期”,主要发达经济体复苏乏力、新兴经济体增速放缓、国际金融市场持续动荡、贸易保护主义抬头等一系列消极因素导致中国面临经济下行的风险。政治上,西方国家推行的“新干涉主义”政策不仅破坏和平的国际环境,也破坏和谐稳定的国内政治环境,进一步加大中国和平发展的阻力。安全上,中国既面临传统安全的挑战,又面临非传统安全的威胁,两者相互影响、相互转化,导致国家安全形势日趋复杂化。纵观人类社会发展史,挑战与机遇从来就是一对孪生兄弟,共生共伴。因此,对于外部挑战需要辩证分析,积极应对。后冷战时期,世界局势呈现出国际力量对比“趋向均衡”、国际机制改革“趋向深入”、国际社会合作共赢的意愿“趋向上升”的新趋向,国际秩序朝着更加公正、合理的方向发展,从而为中国和平发展提供了重大战略机遇期。本文研究的目的在于,通过全面、准确地认识和把握当前中国和平所面临的一系列重大外部挑战,以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导,构建一套具有科学性、前瞻性和时效性的战略体系,提升中国应对和处置外部挑战的能力,努力将外部挑战转化为推动中国发展、世界繁荣的重大机遇和动力,使中国真正成长为一个具有全球影响力的“负责任大国”。对此,本文提出了实现和平发展战略的具体路径：一是继续深化和推进互利共赢的开放战略,在全面参与经济全球的进程中,在促进与国际社会的良性互动中,实现世界共同发展、普遍繁荣。二是积极推动以联合国为中心的国际组织改革,支持扩大发展中国家在国际事务中的代表性和发言权,努力实现国际关系民主化,共同构建国际政治新秩序。三是以新安全观为指导,妥善解决影响中国和平发展的大国关系、周边关系、台湾问题以及非传统安全等重大问题,为维护国家安全、地区安全和世界和平作出重大贡献。总之,和平发展是中国顺应时代发展潮流作出的正确战略抉择,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。对中国来讲,和平发展战略是实现“中国梦”的必由之路。对世界来讲,和平发展战略是构建“和谐世界”的内在要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 With comprehensive national strength improvements and international status ascension, the international community’s attention began to focus on the East, and doubts about China’s rapid rise:What kind of development path will China choose? How powerful China will deal with the existing international order? What kind of influence China development will produce to the world peace? Facing the fears and doubts of international community, China put forward "peaceful development strategy" formly, and prove the determination and confidence to the world that China adheres to peaceful development with practical action.In the21st century, the international situation is undergoing profound and complicated changes, the uncertainties and external pressures faced by China’s peaceful development is increasing. This paper mainly analysis the current external challenges encountered by China from the economic, political and security dimensions:In the economic dimension, the world economic development entrence the "depth adjustment stage", a series of negative factors, such as major developed economies are sluggishing, emerging economies are slowing, and trade protectionisms are re-emerging, lead China to face the risk of economic downturn. In the political dimension, the "new interventionism" carryed out by the western countries not only destroy the peaceful international environment, also destroy the harmony and stability of the domestic political environment. In the security dimension, China faces the challenges of traditional security and the threats of non-traditional security, both influence each other, mutual transformation. This lead to China’s national security situation has become complicated increasingly.Throughout the history of human society, the challenge and the opportunity always existed at the same time, just like a pair of twin brothers. So we should analysis the current external challenges with the dialectical view, and response positively. In the post-cold war period, international relations present new trends:the international power "tend to balance", the international mechanism reform "tend to deep", and the win-win cooperation intention of the international community "tend to rise". The international community develop towards a more fair and reasonable direction. Thus it provides an important period of strategic opportunities for China’s peaceful development. The purpose of this study is that, through comprehensively and accurately understanding a series of major external challenges that China faced at present, treat Deng xiaoping theory,"Three represents" important thought and the concept of scientific development as guidance, to build a set of scientific, forward-looking and effective strategic system. This system could enhance China’s ability to response and disposal of external challenges, and convert the external challenges to the great opportunities and motivations which promote China’s development and the world’s prosperity, so that make China truly grow up to be a "responsible nation" with global influence.The specific path to realize peaceful development strategy is proposed in this paper: The first, we should continue to deepen and expand the win-win strategy of opening up, promote the common development and common prosperity of the world, in the full participation process of global economy, in the benign interaction with the international community. The second, we should actively promote the international organizations reform with the center of the United Nations, enlarge the participate rights and decision-making rights of the developing countries in international affairs, realize the democratization of international relations, and jointly build a new international political order. The third, we should adhere to the new security concept as a guide, properly solve a lot of major problems which affect the China’s peaceful development, such as the relations between gread power, the peripheral relations, the Taiwan issue, the non-traditional security, and so on. in order to make a major contribution to national security, regional security and world peace.All in all, the peaceful development strategic is the right strategic choice which China made by keeping up with the trend of The Times development, it has important theoretical value and practical significance. For China, the peaceful development strategy is the only way to realize the "China dream". For the world, it is the inherent requirement of building a "harmonious world".更多还原