毛泽东新民主主义革命若干思想的诗化文本研究

【作者】 张晓亮；

【导师】 王跃；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 马克思主义中国化研究， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 毛泽东是政治家、军事家,又是诗人。他在长期的革命生涯中创作了大量的政治、军事著作,也在“马背”生涯中创作了大量的源于革命实践体验的诗词作品。毛泽东政治家与诗人的身份是互动的,时而政治家的身份明显,时而诗人的特质浓厚,时而二者交融。即使在诗人特质浓厚的时候,诗词作品也同样寄予了其政治情怀。因此,同政论文章一样,诗词也在一定程度上反映了毛泽东的政治思想。区别在于其政论作品是毛泽东革命思想的理性总结,而诗词则是其个人革命理想的感性刻画。毛泽东多次强调“诗言志”,不论是在阅读还是创作文学作品时,他都遵循这个古老的传统。“志”在这里具有多重内容,首先,毛泽东诗词是毛泽东个人革命理想的集中体现,又是人民群众价值诉求的精神代言；其次,毛泽东诗词记述了中国人民革命与建设的伟大历程,很多重大历史事件都在诗词中有所反映；最后,毛泽东诗词是中国传统文化与马克思主义的有机结合。毛泽东将其对马克思主义精神的理解融铸在古典诗词这一中国传统文化形式中,深刻地表达了马克思主义唯物史观与辩证法。研究毛泽东思想,不仅要研究其政论文章,诗词也应该成为一种独特而重要的文本。本文主要从毛泽东政治家、军事家、哲学家三种身份来研究毛泽东思想以及毛泽东诗词,所以本文论题主要包含毛泽东的政治思想、军事思想、哲学思想三个方面。由于研究的文本是毛泽东诗词,所以对于这三种思想的探究在不同时期以及不同的诗词上是有所侧重的,或侧重政治思想,或侧重军事思想,或侧重哲学思想；毛泽东是多种身份的结合体,他的思想又不是单一的,政治、军事思想中充满辩证的哲学气息,军事、哲学思想又是政治理念,所以,文中的一些分析又是三种思想的融合。全文以毛泽东诗词为主线进行展开,由于毛泽东新民主主义革命时期各阶段的很多重要思想与相应阶段的诗词在主题上是相呼应的,所以,全文的标题都是以各阶段毛泽东诗词中内涵的毛泽东思想即理性的表述为表现方式。由此,笔者设立的论述框架凸显,全文的论述主要包括以下四个阶段。第一阶段分析了毛泽东自立志出乡关到1927年的《菩萨蛮·黄鹤楼》期间的作品,主要描述了毛泽东确立马克思主义价值观的历程。这一时期,毛泽东处于艰辛探索救国方法的阶段,他笃信过尼采的超人哲学,迷恋过心物二元的世界改造观,但同时又注重中国传统的经世致用原则,在治学、革命方面十分注重社会实践的作用。《沁园春·长沙》与《菩萨蛮·黄鹤楼》是这一时期两首重要的作品,虽然毛泽东自认为1920年夏就是一个真正的马克思主义者,但这两首作品是毛泽东运用马克思主义分析现实问题的初始标志；第二阶段描述了深具中国特色的井冈山革命道路模式。这一时期,毛泽东初步掌握了马克思主义理论,但仅仅掌握了理论还不能最终解决革命问题。理论不是万能的,必须同中国实际相结合。毛泽东带领早期共产党人通过艰辛的探索,找到了一条适合中国革命的井冈山道路,即马克思主义的暴力革命、共产党领导下的工农联盟与根据地依托下的游击战争相结合的新式无产阶级革命道路；第三阶段的诗词数量虽然不多,但是,每首诗词背后宏大的历史背景使这些诗词的内涵更为深刻。随着中国革命道路的理性走向以及毛泽东思想的逐渐成熟,这一时期的几首诗词也包含了更为宏大的对中国革命的理论认知。它们组合起来反映了毛泽东对新民主主义革命的科学总结：第四阶段主要分析了毛泽东诗词中的彻底革命思想。而这种彻底革命的价值根本在于对真正民主的追求。民主包括政治、经济、文化民主,毛泽东这一时期的诗词囊括了中国共产党对政治民主(实现人民的真正自由、国家的彻底独立)、文化民主(民族的、科学的、大众的文化)的探索,而这两方面的实现为经济民主奠定了基础。学术界对毛泽东诗词中的政治思想、军事思想、哲学思想有一些论述,但还只是对一首、几首或者一个短暂时期的探讨。对毛泽东诗词就某一方面进行一次全面而整体的阅读无论对毛泽东诗词还是对毛泽东思想的研究都是一次极为有益的尝试,这就是本文的最终目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mao Zedong is a politician,military strategist and poet.He had lots of political and military writings during Long-term career of revolution,and also had a lot of poetry stemmed from his real’horse’revolutionary experience. Mao Zedong’s poetry reflect some degree of political revolutionary thoughts as well as his political essays. But the difference is, Mao Zedong’s poetry are the perceptual features of revolutionary thoughts while the other is rational summary. Mao Zedong stressed several times and obeyed the old tradition that convey ambition through poems no matter reading or creating literary works.’Zhi’has many meanings, firstly is the concentrated reflection of Mao Zedong’s revolutionary ideals; and the spirit of endorsement of the masses of the people’s value pursuit. Secondly, Mao Zedong’s poetry described historical events of the great course of the Chinese people’s revolution and construction. Lastly, Mao Zedong’s poetry are the organic combination of Chinese traditional culture and Marxism. Mao Zedong combined the Marxism understanding of the spirit with Chinese traditional culture, and deeply expressed Marxist historical materialism and dialectics. Thus, to do research in Mao Zedong thought or adapting Marxism to Chinese text, we not only need to research Mao Zedong’s political essays, but also need to study Mao Zedong’s poetry as a special and important text.This topic has three aspects. One is political thoughts of Mao Zedong’s poetry,one is philosophical thoughts from it and thirdly political philosophy thoughts,while Mao Zedong’s political thoughts and philosophical thoughts are mutual accommodated, concluding philosophical implication and humanistic care. So this essay highlights this framework from four phases.The first stage discussed Mao Zedong’s poetry from aspiring to a scholar to year1927"The bodhisattva pretty yellow crane tower"’. He was in a state of hard exploration. He used to believe Nietzsche’s Superman Philosophy, renovate the world Using the method heart of two yuan, and also emphasize statecraft principles while doing study and revolution."Qin Yuan Chun, Changsha" and "The bodhisattva pretty yellow crane tower" are the two important works during this period, which was the initial signs using Marxism to analyses practical problems.The second phase described the deep Chinese characteristics of Jing gang shan revolution road model. Mao Zedong preliminary mastered Marxist theory, but needed to combine with Chinese practices. Mao Zedong and the early communists found Jing gang shan revolution road, that is, the new proletarian revolutionary road combined with violent revolution, alliance of workers and peasants,based on guerrilla warfare.The poetry of third stage had less but each had grand historical background, accompanied by Chinese revolution and Mao Zedong Thought’s rational and mature. This period’s several poetry reflected his scientific summary of the new democratic revolution.The fourth period concentrated on thoroughly revolutionary ideas,which aimed at the pursuit of true democracy,concluding political, economical and cultural democracy. Mao Zedong’s poetry concluded the exploration of political and cultural democracy, which lay the foundation of economical democracy.Academic circles have already discussed some political and philosophical thoughts of Mao Zedong poetry, but only discussed one or two of a brief period. The ultimate goal of this essay is to have a comprehensive and overall reading of Mao Zedong’s poetry from a certain aspect, and I am sure that it is a good try no matter to Mao Zedong’s poetry or to Mao Zedong thought.更多还原