沈志远与马克思主义哲学

【作者】 王延华；

【导师】 胡为雄；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 马克思主义哲学在中国的引入与传播是20世纪中国思想史上最伟大的历史事件和现实存在。马克思主义哲学在中国的发展与演进是循着两条路径实现的，一是理论的研究，二是政治的践行。以往思想界更多的关注政治实践与马克思主义哲学发展史间的内在联系，而哲学工作者们的学理性贡献往往被遮蔽在宏大的历史叙事和意识形态话语之下。沈志远，这位我国马克思主义哲学早期的引入者、传播家、经济学家、社会活动家，在20世纪上半叶孜孜以求且卓有成效地宣传和阐释着马克思主义，他的工作极大地影响了马克思主义学说在中国的体系建构和本土化进程。本文以沈志远生平“史”的轨迹为线索，对沈志远一生传播马克思主义哲学的辛路历程展开了较为细致的梳理和考察。并立足于以文本为对象、以历史为境遇，通过对沈志远在各个研究领域所遗留的文本著译进行深入解读与分析，力图突破当前学界对沈志远及其哲学思想研究那种流于简单介绍的境况，并期公允评析其在二十世纪上半叶马克思主义哲学传播史中的重要贡献。通观全文，共分导论、正文六章、结语三大部分，导论部分主要正面回答了“为什么要研究沈志远哲学思想”的问题。第一章：沈志远学术思想历程以20世纪上半叶马克思主义哲学传播的现实语境为背景，以沈志远自身思想变化的逻辑为节点，对沈志远一生从事马克思主义传播事业的辛路历程展开了历时考察，并对其在各个时段的代表性著作加以简要评述，概述其一生的学术贡献。第二章：对辩证唯物论的传播以沈志远投身马克思主义哲学的大众化运动为历史语境，深入、细致地分析了其在20世纪30年代初期对苏俄马克思主义哲学的引入与传播、在新哲学论战中对马克思主义的捍卫以及在哲学的大众化运动中对辩证唯物论和唯物辩证法的通俗宣传等，并试图客观评价其历史贡献。第三章：对历史唯物论的传播从时序和思想的演进来看，1937年后，沈志远对哲学理论的研究与传播逐步经历了由通俗化、大众化向中国化、现实化的逻辑转向。这一时期，沈志远为了适应中国革命的实践需要，重点阐述了唯物史观的基本原理问题。他在这方面的贡献，最主要的是从理论研究和思想评判的相结合上，较为系统地阐发了马克思主义有关社会结构及社会发展动力等理论，并用这些基本原理具体地考察了上层建筑的诸形态如国家、政治、意识形态等范畴。第四章：对中国社会现实问题及人生观问题之解析沈志远重于对哲学基础理论的研究，但他又并未止步于此，而是将其对哲学理论的深入理解融于对社会现实问题的考察，唯物而辩证地诠释了中国社会现状。本章试图挖掘沈志远在《社会问题》和《新人生观讲话》著作中所反映出的社会哲学思想，从而把握沈志远本人。第五章：对马克思主义经济学的传播及探索本章以沈志远在经济学领域所遗留的代表性著作《计划经济学大纲》、《新经济学大纲》中的经济学思想为主线，重点阐述了沈志远对苏联社会主义计划经济学、资本主义商品经济学的分析，以及他对战后我国经济的恢复与重建、新民主主义经济建设等问题的思考，并充分肯定了其在经济学领域的独特贡献。第六章：对毛泽东哲学思想的解读与宣传建国后，沈志远工作的一个重要内容是对毛泽东思想的阐释，由于沈氏译著《辩证唯物论与历史唯物论》（上册）曾在毛泽东思想的形成中起了较大作用，所以，他对毛泽东思想也有着自己的独到理解。本章重点介绍了建国后沈志远对毛泽东“两论”思想及革命思想的阐释与传播。沈志远一生为马克思主义在中国的引入、传播与普及做出了不可磨灭的历史贡献。可以说，他的学术轨迹一定程度上折射了马克思主义在中国传播和演进的历程。挖掘沈志远著作中的文本思想，剖析沈志远所走过的学术道路，对于加快推进马克思主义哲学在当代的中国化、大众化进程及进一步深入梳理马克思主义哲学在中国传播和发展的历史脉络都有着重要的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The introduction and dissemination of Marxist philosophy in China is the greatesthistorical events and the existence of reality in the Chinese thought of the20th century.The development and evolution of Marxist philosophy in China is follow two paths toachieve, first, theoretical studies, and the second is the political practice. Ever theChinese thought is pay more attention on the intrinsic link between the politicalpractice with the Marxism philosophical history, and the scientific principles ofphilosophical workers tend to be obscured under the grand historical narrative andideological discourse. Shen Zhiyuan, the early introducer and disseminator of Marxistphilosophy, economists, social activists, is assiduously and effectively publicize andinterpreta the Marxism in the20th century, his work greatly influenced Marxismdoctrine system Construction and localization process in China.Based on the Life of Shen Zhiyuan’s history trace, This paper launched a combingand more detailed investigation on the Shen Zhiyuan’s process of propagation theMarxist philosophy. And the paper use the text as the object and the history as thesituation, through interpretating and analyzing in-depth the Shen Zhiyuan’ s texttranslations in various research areas, in order to break the current situation of simplepresentation on the Shen Zhiyuan’s philosophical thought by the current academicresearch, and to fairly Comment its important contribution on the propagation historyof the Marxist philosophy in the second half of the twentieth century.Throughout the paper, including three parts, the introduction, six body chapters,the conclusion, and the introduction majorly positive answer the problem of "Whystudy philosophical thought of Shen Zhiyuan".ChapterⅠ: Shen Zhiyuan’s academic thought process. Regarding the realisticcontext of the philosophy of Marxism spread in the20th century as a backdrop, anduse the changes in thinking of Shen Zhiyuan as the logic node, the paper launched adiachronic investigation on the Shen Zhiyuan’s process of propagation the Marxistphilosophy, concisely discussed its representative bookmakings in different periods ofhis life, and summaried of the academic contributions in his life.Chapter Ⅱ: The dissemination of dialectical materialism Using the ShenZhiyuan join in the popularization of the philosophy of Marxism as the historicalcontext, the paper in-depth and detailed analysis that Shen Zhiyuan introduced andexplained the Soviet Marxist Philosophy and defensed the Marxism in the new philosophical debate, then analysis Shen Zhiyuan popularized spread the DialecticalMaterialism and the Materialist Dialectics in the1930s. Finally, trying to objectivelyevaluate his historical contributions.Chapter III: The dissemination of historical materialism From the perspective ofthe timing and thought evolution, after1937, the Shen Zhiyuan’s research and spreadabout the philosophical theory gradually experienced a shift from popularization toactualization. During this period, in order to meet the practical requirements of theChinese revolution, Shen Zhiyuan focus on expatiating the basic principles ofhistorical materialism. His contribution in this area, the most important is from acombination of theoretical and ideological evaluation, systematiclly expounded theMarxism theory about the social structure and social development momentum, anduse these basic principles specifically examines the superstructure various formssuch as national, class, ideology, etc.ChapterⅥ: The study on the chinese social problems and the outlook of lifeShen Zhiyuan attached great importance to the study of basic philosophicaltheories, but he did not stop there.He put the understanding of philosophy theory intothe study on the problem of social reality, materialistic and dialectical interpretatethe the situation of Chinese society. This chapter attempts to dig Shen Zhiyuan’ssocial philosophy thought which reflected in his bookmakings of "SocialPproblems" and "the New Speech on Life Outlook ", in order to grasp ShenZhiyuan’s thought.ChapterV: The progagation and exploration of Marxist Economics In thischapter, using the economic thought as the main line, which reflected in ShenZhiyuan’s in economics bookmakings of "the Plan Economic Outline " and "the NewEconomics Outline ", the paper focuses on the analysis about the Shen Zhiyuan’sthought on the Soviet socialist planned economy and capitalist commodityeconomics. As the same time, this paper expatiate the Shen Zhiyuan’s thoughts onthe problem of China’s economic recovery and reconstruction, the newdemocratic economic construction, and fully affirmed its unique contribution in thefield of economics.Chapter VI: The interpretation and propaganda of Mao Zedong’s PhilosophyAfter the founding of new China, one of the important contents of ShenZhiyuan’s work is interpretate Mao Zedong’s thoughts. Because Shen Zhiyuan’s translations of "the Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism"(Volume1) has played a major role in the formation of Mao Zedong’s thought, so, he has hisown unique understanding about Mao Zedong’s thought. This chapter focuseson the interpretation of Shen Zhiyuan’s interpretation and propaganda about the MaoZedong’s philosophical thoughts after the founding of new China.Shen Zhiyuan made indelible historic contributions for the introduction,dissemination and popularization of the Marxist doctrine to China in his life. We cansay, his academic track, in some degree, reflected the process of Marxist spreadand evolution in China. Expounding Shen Zhiyuan’s text ideas, analysising ShenZhiyuan’s academic road, will accelerate the sinicization and popularization ofMarxist philosophy in contemporary china.更多还原