马克思和恩格斯的城市观

【作者】 苗圃；

【导师】 阮青；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 城镇化①是我国现代化建设的历史任务，是我国实现现代化的重要目标，也是推动我国未来经济增长的新动力。深入研究马克思和恩格斯的城市理论，有助于我们更好地把握城市发展的规律，总结城市化的经验与教训，用马克思和恩格斯的城市观，指导我国的城镇发展，探索适合我国的城镇化发展道路。将理论与实际结合，依据我国具体国情，在借鉴其它国家城镇化经验的基础上，采取积极有效的措施，促进城镇化的健康发展。这对保持我国经济持续快速发展，全面建成小康社会，具有重要的理论意义与现实意义。本文正文包括五章。第一章，主要论述了马克思和恩格斯城市观的产生条件和发展过程，阐明了马克思和恩格斯城市观所实现的变革。第二章，对城市的概念及城市的基本特征进行了说明，对马克思和恩格斯城市观的内涵进行了阐述，最后总结了对城市发展的规律性认识。第三章，阐述了马克思和恩格斯对当时的城市实践和城市理论进行的批判，主要包括：对工业城市及所产生的城市病的批判；对城市中阶级斗争的批判；对城市住宅问题的批判；对城乡关系的考察与批判；对市民社会的考察与批判等。第四章，主要探讨了马克思和恩格斯对未来城市的设想，他们认为城市化的过程就是变农村为城市、变农民为市民、变小生产方式的农业为现代农业的过程。他们研究城市，重点在于阐述城市与乡村的协调发展，他们甚至把未来城市的发展理解为城乡融合的过程。他们重点探讨了城乡融合的条件、途径及城乡融合的目的。第五章，主要阐述了马克思和恩格斯的城市观对中国城市发展的启示。首先，对新中国成立后，中国城市的发展作了简要回顾，分为改革开放前和改革开放后，其中既有经验也有教训，并概括了我国城市化的主要特征。其次，论述了当前我国城市发展存在的问题，并对产生问题的原因进行了分析。当前城市发展的主要问题有：城市片面发展且同质化程度高；城市化发展的地域性结构不均衡；城乡关系不均等，城乡二元结构明显；城市化过程中的社会矛盾突出；城市病问题开始凸显等。造成这些问题的原因主要有：政府对城市化的过度干预；我国体制机制的障碍，主要包括：政绩考核机制；户籍制度；土地制度；财税制度；社会保障制度；教育制度等。最后，对中国的城市发展提出针对性建议。提出了城市发展的原则，主要有：实事求是原则；以人为本原则；统筹城乡发展原则；可持续原则等。提出了针对性的政策性建议，主要包括：政府职能的转变；体制机制的转变，包含：政绩考核机制、户籍制度、土地管理制度、财税制度、社会保障制度、教育制度等方面的改革；统筹城乡发展；走集约、高效、绿色、低碳的城镇化道路。指出了我国要实施新型城镇化战略：要走中国特色的新型城镇化道路；注重城镇化的质量，以人为本；靠产业支撑推进城镇化；合理借鉴西方发达国家的城镇化经验等。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, our country already has more than half the population lives in cities,our country has entered the urban society. It is the main stage of development, and it’sa historic change for our country. Urbanization is the historical mission of China’smodernization construction, and it’s an important goal of China’s modernization.Itwill turn into the new power of future economic growth of China. In-depth study ofMarx and Engels theory of city, it can help us to better grasp the law of developmentof city, and summarizes experience and lessons of urbanization. In draw lessons fromthe experience of urbanization of other countries, and according to China’s specificnational conditions, we explore our country’s urbanization development path. We willtake positive and effective measures to promote the healthy development ofurbanization, and maintain sustained and rapid economic development in our country.To build a overall well-off society, has important theoretical significance and practicalsignificance.In this paper, the text includes five chapters. The first chapter, mainly dividedinto three parts: the first section mainly expounds the conditions of city view of Marxand Engels: including the historical background and the origin of thought of city viewof Marx and Engels.The second part mainly elaborates germination,and developmentand formation process of the city view of Marx and Engels.The third part mainlyexpounds the revolution of city view of Marx and Engels.The second chapter mainly expounds the connotation of city view of Marx andEngels. It contains: definition of the city, the origin and development of the city; Theessence of the city; The function of the city; Driving force for the development of thecity; Evaluation criterion of the city, etc.The third chapter, mainly elaborated the critique of Marx and Engels to the cityview of bourgeois scholars and capitalist city. It includes: the concentration anddevelopment of urban and urban problems; Simplification of Class antagonisms;Urban housing problems; The opposition of rural and urban; Criticism of the civilsociety and so on.The fourth chapter, mainly involved the vision of the future city of Marx andEngels. The first part mainly expounds the conditions of urban and rural integration. Itcontains two: one is highly developed productive forces; the other is means of production owned by universal. The second part mainly expounds the pathway of theurban and rural integration. The first is play the leading role of the city. The second isaccelerate combination of industry and agriculture. The third is promote free andall-round development of human beings. The third part is the purpose of the urban andrural integration. It contains two: one is the harmonious development of man andnature; the other is the free and all-round development of human beings.The fifth chapter, mainly elaborated the city view of Marx and Engelsenlightenment to the development of Chinese cities. The first section, mainly makes abrief review on the development of Chinese cities after the new China was founded.It mainly divided into two parts: one is before reform and opening up of China,theother is after reform and opening up of China, which has both experience and lessons.It briefly describes the main characteristics of urbanization China. The second section,mainly expounds the current problems and cause analysis of urban development inChina. the main problems are one-sided development and high degree of homogeneityof urbanization; the regional development of urbanization is not balanced; unequalrelationship between urban and rural areas, it presents the dual structure; the socialcontradiction in the process of urbanization was protrude; city disease began to arise.The causes of these problems mainly include: excessive interventiono of thegovernment in the process of urbanization; Institutional barriers, including:Performance appraisal mechanism; The household registration system; Land system;The social security system; Education system, and so on. The third section, mainlyexpounds the main targeted Suggestions on the development of Chinese cities. Thefirst part includes the principles of urban development: people-oriented principle;Balance urban and rural development; Sustainable principles; Be practical andrealistic principle, etc. The second part includes: the change of the governmentfunction. On the one hand, it should change of the systems and mechanisms ofgovernment, including: performance mechanism of government, the householdregistration system, land management system, fiscal and taxation system, the socialsecurity system, the education system and so on; on the other hand, balance urban andrural development, It includes: to realize the complementary and coordinateddevelopment between urban and rural areas; pay attention to the development ofsmall cities and towns when in the development of large and medium sized cities.The last is to go and intensive, efficient, green, low carbon way of urbanization. The third part mainly expounds route choice of new urbanization. It includes: to go to thenew path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics; Pay attention to the quality ofurbanization; Using industrial carry out the process of urbanization; Rationally usingthe experience of urbanization of western developed countries.更多还原