新形势下中国应对反倾销问题研究

【作者】 韩冰；

【导师】 张伯里；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 政治经济学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 在当今WTO的国际贸易救济体系中，反倾销措施不但是应用极为频繁，影响面非常广泛的救济手段，而且越来越成为重要的贸易保护手段为人们所关注。自WTO成立以后，我国遭受的反倾销调查数量居高不下，即便加入WTO以后的十几年来，也未能扭转窘境，甚至因对外贸易的进一步增长，几乎年年成为全球遭遇反倾销调查数量最多的国家。自2008年美国“次贷”危机之后，在美国的影响下，一些发达国家多次向我国出口产品发起“双反”调查，比如近两年我国遭受的光伏“寒冬”就是鲜活一例，我国外向型企业损失惨重。所以，妥善应对反倾销问题成为我国积极推进全球经济发展的重要课题。本文从国际经济形势发展的角度，以理论研究为基础、问题分析为重点、对策研究为落脚点，按照理论和实际相结合的原则，采用宏观分析与微观分析相统一、历史分析和逻辑分析相统一、实证分析和规范分析相呼应、案例分析和经验分析相协调、国际比较分析法、内外因分析法、战略分析法等分析方法，系统分析了当前的新形势下，美国、欧盟、日本、加拿大和澳大利亚等发达国家，以及印度、阿根廷、巴西、土耳其和南非等发展中国家对我国进行反倾销调查与裁决的现状、特征、主要原因和发展趋势。结合反倾销对我国出口所产生的经济影响与贸易效应分析，导致我国面临严峻反倾销挑战的教训与原因主要有：我国企业在加入WTO之后，出口激增、劳动力成本优势等进一步释放，企业发展不平衡与产品在低产业链恶性竞争、竞相压价，出口企业、行业协会、政府机构等多方协调不力，国内产业结构失衡、资源利用粗放，产业政策、法律法规与国际规则不尽协调，以及“非市场经济地位”与反倾销应诉经验不足等多种因素。因此，总结我国应对反倾销问题的经验与教训，建立与当前应对反倾销问题相匹配的结构化反倾销预警机制，成为我国应对反倾销问题的重要途径。同时，我们在积极协调、妥善应对反倾销问题的同时，更应该自视缺陷与不足，加快市场经济体制改革与完善、进一步调整我国产业结构、推进产业集约化发展、加强产品创新，提升产品国际竞争力，才能从根本上有效规避反倾销等贸易壁垒，推进我国经济稳定快速发展。本文共分为六章。导论部分主要介绍了研究反倾销问题的理论与现实意义、研究方法、创新点与研究难点。第一章，倾销与反倾销的理论基础。论述了马克思关于商品价值与国际贸易的相关理论；西方贸易保护理论的发展历史、主要政策，以及与倾销、反倾销的关系；同时，论述了反倾销问题的国内外研究现状，并对反倾销问题做了理论评述。第二章，倾销与反倾销的发展历史与当代新特征。详细介绍了倾销的历史与现状、倾销的类型、WTO框架下对倾销的认定规则，并对倾销的利弊进行了简要分析；反倾销的历史演进、WTO框架下反倾销裁决的主要措施，以及WTO框架下的贸易救济体系；分析了当代新形势下，国际反倾销的新特征及其成因。第三章，当代新形势下全球主要经济体对我国反倾销的新特征。分析了中国面临的反倾销问题的总体情况，并分国别分析了美国、欧盟、澳大利亚、加拿大和日本等发达国家对我国反倾销的特征与趋势；印度、巴西、阿根廷、南非、土耳其、墨西哥等发展中国家和俄罗斯对我国反倾销的特征与趋势。第四章，反倾销的经济影响与产生的贸易效应分析。通过反倾销调查对中国出口影响的实证分析，分别对全球反倾销调查整体、主要发达国家和主要发展中国家对中国反倾销调查的出口影响进行了实证检验；各国对华反倾销指控强度的比较，并以美、欧等国对我光伏产品的反倾销为例，分析了反倾销的贸易效应。第五章，新形势下我国应对反倾销的经验和教训。系统总结了我国加入WTO以后的十多年来应对反倾销问题的主要教训和重要经验。第六章，新形势下中国应对反倾销问题的政策建议。提出结构化反倾销预警机制的重要性和基本架构，并提出当前和今后一个时期，我国企业、行业组织和政府从各相关层面的策略建议。通过对我国在新形势下应对反倾销问题的系统分析可以看出，我国面临的反倾销问题在当前和今后的相当一段时期内，仍然相当严峻，这不但涉及到我国的出口贸易，而且，越来越影响到我国国内产业发展与国家的长远经济战略，所以，在经济全球化条件下，我国要进一步推进国内政策与法律法规同国际接轨，利用市场机制整合优势资源，推进企业技术创新，提高在国际分工格局中的整体地位；加强劳务输出和对外直接投资，进一步提升全球战略思维，不断消减对外贸易的倾销动力，推进全球经济健康发展。同时，我们也要正视国际经济秩序的历史局限性，积极参与到国际规则的修正与完善，提高在国际舞台的话语权，缓解与打消外国对我国经济发展的歧视与误解，更为有效地妥善应对反倾销问题，保持我国经济长期、快速、稳定发展，实现中华民族的和平崛起与伟大复兴。更多还原

【Abstract】 In today’s relief system of international trade in WTO， anti-dumping is not onlya measure that is most frequently and most widely used， but also increasinglybecome a means of trade protection， and gained more and more attention. Chinasuffered from many anti-dumping investigations since the founding of WTO. Chinaalso failed to reverse the situation after joining the WTO in2001， even with thefurther growth of foreign trade. China is the largest number that suffered fromanti-dumping investigations in the world almost every year. Under the influence ofAmerica， some developed countries make China’s economic losses by launching"double reverse survey" to our export products. After "subprime mortgage crisis" ofAmerica in2008， China’s photovoltaic industry experiencing the so-called " winter"for almost two years is a vivid example. How to deal with the anti-dumping issuebecomes a hot topic in the international trade.From the view of international situation development， based on theoreticalresearch， focusing on the problem analysis and countermeasure research as thepurpose， according to the combination of theory and practice， unifying the macroanalysis and micro analysis， historical analysis and logic analysis， empiricalanalysis and normative analysis，case analysis and corresponding analysis experiencecoordination， international comparative analysis method， strategy analysis method，this paper systematically analyzes the current new situation， the world’s majoreconomies’ present situation， characteristics and main reasons of development trendof anti-dumping investigations and rulings on China， and the economic effect ofanti-dumping on China’s exports and trade effect. This paper also summarizes theexperiences and lessons of China’s anti-dumping problem， pointed out that ourcountry should establish and perfect the structure of anti-dumping early warningmechanism from the three levels of enterprise， industry organizations andgovernment， put forward China’s response to anti-dumping strategy. This paper is divided into six chapters. The introduction part mainly introducesthe theory and practical meaning， research methods， innovations and researchdifficulties.The first chapter mainly discusses the theoretical basis of dumping and antidumping and the relevant theories of Marx about commodity value and internationaltrade; the development history and the main policy of the western trade protectiontheory， and the relationship with dumping and anti-dumping. Meanwhile， the firstchapter also discusses the research status quo of the anti-dumping problem at homeand abroad， and my own view of the anti-dumping problem.The second chapter reviews dumping and anti-dumping history andcontemporary new features. It introduces the history and present situation ofdumping， dumping type， the determination of dumping rules in WTO， and briefanalysis of the advantages and disadvantages of dumping; the historical evolution ofanti-dumping， anti-dumping measures of WTO， the trade remedy system of WTO;analysis of the new situation， the new characteristics and causes of the internationalanti-dumping.The third chapter analyzes the new characteristics of anti-dumping in China ofthe world’s major economies under contemporary new situation and talks about theoverall situation of the anti-dumping problem that China faces， and also analyzes thecharacteristics and trend of China’s anti-dumping problem in developed countries，such as American， EU， Australia， Canada and Japan; characteristics and trend ofChina’s anti dumping problem in developing economies， such as India， Brazil，Argentina， South Africa， Turkey and Mexico.The fourth chapter analyzes the economic effects of anti-dumping and trade. Itgoes through an empirical analysis of the impact of anti-dumping investigation onChina’s export，and the empirical test of the global anti-dumping investigations，theexport influence of main developed countries and developing countries on Chineseanti-dumping investigation; the comparison of the anti-dumping charges strength，and in the case of the anti-dumping to the photovoltaic products of China whichAmerica and EU initiated， analyzes the trade effects of anti-dumping.The fifth chapter， the experiences and lessons of China’s anti-dumping underthe new situation. This chapter summarizes the main lessons and importantexperiences of China to deal with anti-dumping issues after China joined WTO. The sixth chapter discusses policy recommendations for China on theanti-dumping issues under the new situation. Put forward the structure of theanti-dumping early warning mechanism and the basic framework， and put forwardthe policy recommendations for China’s enterprises， industry organizations andgovernment from all aspects in current and future period，.Through the systematical analysis for dealing with anti-dumping problem underthe new situation， China’s anti-dumping problem is still quite severe in aconsiderable period of time. It not only relates to China’s export trade， but also havemore influence on China’s domestic industry development and long-term economicstrategy. Therefore， under the condition of economic globalization， China shouldfurther promote the domestic policies and regulations with international standards，use market mechanisms to integrate the advantages of resources， enhance thetechnical innovation of enterprises， improve the overall status in the internationaldivision of labor; strengthen the export of labor services and foreign directinvestment， form the global strategic thinking， continuously eliminate dumpingmotivation in international trade， so as to promote the healthy development of theglobal economy. At the same time， in order to deal with anti-dumping moreeffectively， we have to address the historical limitations of the internationaleconomic order， to participate more actively in the revision and improvement of theinternational rules， improve China’s discourse on the international stage， so as toalleviate and eliminate other countries’ discrimination and misunderstanding forChina， in this way we may maintain long-term， stable， fast development theeconomy of our country and realize Chinese peaceful rise and the great revival.更多还原