高校毕业生非理性就业观研究

【作者】 孙永建；

【导师】 段若鹏；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 思想政治教育， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 就业是民生之本，是人们最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题，因此，党和国家一直高度重视全民的就业问题。高校毕业生是国家宝贵的人力资源，是国家建设的新生力量，是祖国的未来、民族的希望，是党和人民事业发展的生力军，是我国由人力资源大国转变为人力资源强国的重要社会群体，已经并仍将继续大大提高中国人口素质，有力推进各项事业发展进步。而毕业生非理性就业，影响着毕业生顺利、及时就业，造成了一些社会风险。所以，高校毕业生就业问题，成为党和国家工作的重中之重。为了要实现毕业生更加充分和更高质量就业，实现富强民主文明和谐的个人梦和中国梦，必须以马克思主义为指导，深入研究高校毕业生非理性就业观，运用思想政治教育理论和方法，开展毕业生求真务实就业观培育工作。在毕业生非理性就业观的研究中，贯穿马克思主义唯物辩证法，具体采用访谈调查法、文献调查法、比较和总结方法等。为实现毕业生就业行为改变的目的，这需要坚持运用马克思主义观点、立场和方法，结合当前高校毕业生的就业现实行为，结合社会经济发展的历史、现状和趋势，界定高校毕业生非理性就业观新概念，阐述非理性就业观由来，考察非理性就业行为表现，考察其危害，分析其原因，建构就业新观念，提出全社会大力支持毕业生就业。主要内容包括导论、正文一至七章和结语。导论内容主要阐述选题意义，介绍国内外对毕业生非理性就业观的相关研究概况，介绍可能创新的主要内容，最后简要介绍主要的研究方法。第一章界定高校毕业生非理性就业观概念。通过考察高校毕业生非理性就业观等概念，结合毕业生就业实际，得出非理性就业观主要是指高校毕业生就业观念脱离客观实际，并且放弃个人努力。第二章考察非理性就业观的历史由来。通过分析改革开放前后的高校招生、培养和就业的变化，讨论非理性就业观产生过程。第三章呈现非理性就业典型行为。毕业生就业行为出现一些非理性现象，有：缺乏责任担当，只顾按照个人利益诉求就业；回避艰苦奋斗，只想要过富裕的美好生活；无视就业形势只想个人意愿实现；不顾自身条件只想谋取高薪工作；消极被动应对就业，没有积极主动自主自觉求职。第四章分析非理性就业行为产生的危害。直接危害是造成有业不就，降低就业率，劳动力没有与生产资料结合，没有创造社会产品和服务，没有创造个人和社会财富，导致低质就业，高能低用，学非所用，间接危害有浪费社会资源、影响社会稳定。第五章讨论非理性就业行为产生的根源。着重讨论毕业生观念上偏重个人利益，忽视国家、社会、集体、家庭利益，偏重物质追求，忽视精神追求，受到错误思想观念束缚，因而个人就业行动受到制约。第六章提出求真务实就业观念。指出毕业生要把个性自由全面发展与国家需要联系起来，把向往美好生活与艰苦奋斗联系起来，把个人就业与个人努力就业联系起来，把个人就业定位与就业形势、自身条件联系起来，实现更充分、更高质量就业。第七章指出高校毕业生就业的解决，还需要政府统筹主导，舆论正确引导，学校精心指导，用人单位积极吸纳，家庭主动配合，全社会大力支持，共同帮助促进高校毕业生就业。结语，主要阐述可能的创造性结论、见解以及在本学科领域里有限的理论和实践意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Employment is the basis of people’s lives, is the fundamental need of people withpragmatic, direct and practical approach. Therefore, the Chinese communist party andthe state have always attached great importance to the employment problem of thepeople. And because the college graduates are the precious human resources, the newforce in the development of the countury, the future of the motherland, the hope of thenation, the developmental fource in the cause of our party and people, the importantsociety group whose change from the big country of human resources into humanresource power, have been and will continue to changed greatly Chinese populationquality, promote the progress and development of various undertakings, but theirrational employment of the graduates, influence their smooth, timely employment,raise some social risks. Therefore, the employment of college graduates has becomethe top priority of the party and state. In order to achieve a more fully and higherquality employment, realize prosperous, democratic, culturally-advanced andharmonious personal dream and Chinese dream, we must uphold the guidence ofMarxism, study on irrational viewpoints of college and university graduateemployment, using the theory and method of deological and political education,nuture a pragmatic view of graduates employment.To study the irrational employment viewpoints, we fundamentally insisted Marxdialectical materialism and the specific methods, such as interview survey, literaturesurvey, comparison and summary method.In order to realize the change of the graduates employment behavior, we mustadhere to the Marx’s viewpoint, standpoint and method, combine the employmentbehavior of the university graduates, combine with the history, present situation andtrend of social economic development, define a new concept of college graduatesirrational employment viewpoints, elucidate its origin, investigate its performance andharm, analyze its causes, establishing an employment concept, propose that the wholesociety to concern and actively support employment.The main contents include the introduction, the chapter one to chapter seven andthe conclusion.The introduction mainly expounds the significance of this paper, introduces thedomestic and foreign correlation research survey of irrational employment viewpoints,the main contents of the possible innovation, and the main research methods finally. The first chapter defines the irrational employment concept of college graduates.By examining the concept of irrational viewpoints of college and university graduateemployment combining with the actual employment of graduates, it concludes that theirrational employment viewpoints mainly refer to the employment concept of collegegraduates divorced from the objective reality, and abandoned the individual effort.The second chapter studies the history of irrational employment viewpoints.Through the analysis of higher educational enrollment, training and employmentchanges before and after the reform, it analyses the gradually produce process ofirrational employment view.The third chapter presents typical behavior of the irrational employment. Thereare some irrational phenomena of graduates employment, such as the lack ofresponsibility, just thinking about personal interests; to avoid work hard andperseveringly, only wanting to live a good life; to ignore the employment situation,just wanting to achieve personal willingness; eager to seek a high-paying jobregardless of their own conditions; coping with employment reactively rather thanproactivelyThe fourth chapter analyzes the harm of irrational employment behavior. Thedirect harm is to cause unemployed with job opportunity, a low employment rate,labors and materials of production not combined, social products and services notcreated, personal and social wealth not created, low quality of employment, highability performed ineffectively, underemployed; and the indirect harm is to wastesocial resources, to influence the social stability.The fifth chapter discusses the source of employment irrational behavior. Thegraduates lay particular stress on personal interests, ignore state, social,collectiveand family interests, emphasis on the material pursuit, ignore the spiritual pursuit,restricted by wrong notions, so their individual employment act are constrained.The sixth chapter puts forward ideas of realistic and pragmatic employment,points out that the personality, free, and all-round development should link withnational need, the longing for a good life should be associate with work hard andperseveringly, the individual employment and individual effort of employment shouldbe linked, personal positioning of employment should be regarded with employmentsituation and their own conditions, to achieve more full, better quality employment.The seventh chapter points out that the solve of college graduates employment, also needs the lead of government comprehensively, correct guide of public opinion,meticulous guidance of the school, actively absorb of the employer, family’scooperation active, and the whole society to support, jointly help promote theemployment of college graduates.The conclusion, mainly expounds the possible creative ideas, as well as thetheoretical and practical significance in this field.更多还原